向前一步:第22期 职业女性的内在障碍(11)

 Still, in today's world, where we no longer have to hunt in the wild for our food, 然而，在今天的世界中，人类不再像古代那样必须在野外觅食打猎，

our desire for leadership is largely a culturally created and reinforced trait. 我们对领导意志的渴望在很大程度上是一种被文化催生和强化的特质。

How individuals view what they can and should accomplish is in large part formed by our societal expectations. 个人怎样决定自己能做什么、应该达到怎样的目标，在很大程度上是由我们的社会期望塑造出来的。

From the moment we are born, boys and girls are treated differently. 从一出生，男孩和女孩受到的待遇就不一样。

Parents tend to talk to girl babies more than boy babies. 父母更倾向于和女婴而非男婴说话。

Mothers overestimate¹ the crawling ability of their sons and underestimate the crawling ability of their daughters. 母亲在高估小男孩爬行能力的同时，又会低估小女孩的爬行能力。

Reflecting the belief that girls need to be helped more than boys, 因为她们相信女孩比男孩更需要帮助。

mothers often spend more time comforting and hugging infant girls and more time watching infant boys play by themselves. 母亲常常会花更多时间去安抚和拥抱女婴，而花更多时间看着男婴自己玩耍，

Other cultural messages are more blatant². 其他的文化讯息则更明显。

Gymboree once sold onesies proclaiming "Smart like Daddy" for boys and "Pretty like Mommy" for girls. 金宝贝公司（设计的婴儿连体服上，男孩版的图案文字是“像爸爸一样聪明”，女孩版的图案文字是“和妈妈一样漂亮”。

The same year, J. C. Penney marketed a T-shirt to teenage girls that bragged³, 同一年，彭尼公司推出的一款少女T恤衫，上面印着一串看上去得意扬扬的文字：

"I'm too pretty to do homework so my brother has to do it for me." “我漂亮到不用写作业，所以我的兄弟必须帮我写。”

These things did not happen in 1951. They happened in 2011. 这一切并非发生在1951年，而是发生在2011年。

Even worse, the messages sent to girls can move beyond encouraging superficial traits and veer⁴ into explicitly⁵ discouraging leadership.  更糟糕的是，传递给女孩们的讯息不仅意味着整个社会都在鼓励这些肤浅的行为，而且还转而明显地阻碍对女孩领导力的培养。

 

1 overestimate   

v.估计过高，过高评价

参考例句：

• Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem.别把问题看重了。
• We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value.我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。

2 blatant   

adj.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的

参考例句：

• I cannot believe that so blatant a comedy can hoodwink anybody.我无法相信这么显眼的一出喜剧能够欺骗谁。
• His treatment of his secretary was a blatant example of managerial arrogance.他管理的傲慢作风在他对待秘书的态度上表露无遗。

3 bragged   

v.自夸，吹嘘( brag的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He bragged to his friends about the crime. 他向朋友炫耀他的罪行。
• Mary bragged that she could run faster than Jack. 玛丽夸口说她比杰克跑得快。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 veer   

vt.转向，顺时针转，改变；n.转向

参考例句：

• He is unlikely to veer from his boss's strongly held views.他不可能背离他老板的强硬立场。
• If you fall asleep while driving,you'll probably veer off the road.假如你开车时打瞌睡，可能会驶离道路。

5 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法