英国卫报：人类的感官重要吗？该如何修复？(8)

　　It is one element in a process that Prof Barry Popkin has called the “nutrition transition”, which has happened all over the world as countries undergo economic development, and has transformed how and what people eat almost everywhere.

　　这是巴里·波普金教授所称的“营养转型”过程中的一个元素。随着各国经济的发展，营养转型已经在世界各地发生，并改变了几乎所有地方的人们的饮食方式和饮食。

　　There has been a shift from meals to snacks; from savoury to sweet; from local, homemade dishes to the same homogenised, ultra-processed foods made by multinational¹ food companies.

　　从正餐到零食；从咸到甜；从本地自制菜肴到跨国食品公司生产的同质化、超加工食品，已经发生了转变。

　　This nutrition transition has seen a fall in the rates of global hunger, but it has also ushered² in a vast rise in the prevalence of diet-related diseases, ranging from type-2 diabetes³ to heart disease, depression, asthma⁴ and some forms of cancer.

　　这一营养转型导致了全球饥饿率下降，但也带来了与饮食有关的疾病患病率的大幅上升，如2型糖尿病、心脏病、抑郁症、哮喘和某些形式的癌症。

　　In recent years, the concept of “malnutrition” has changed to include obesity⁵ as well as absolute hunger.

　　近年来，“营养不良”的概念已经改变，其中包括肥胖和绝对饥饿。

　　In middle-income countries such as Brazil, rising numbers of people are both under- and over-nourished at the same time – suffering from a surfeit⁶ of calories but a dearth⁷ of the crucial micronutrients and protein our bodies need to stay healthy.

　　在巴西等中等收入国家，越来越多的人同时营养不足和营养营养过剩，他们摄入过多的卡路里，却缺乏我们的身体保持健康所需的关键微量营养素和蛋白质。

　　The question is whether it is possible to retain the prosperity of the nutrition transition while moving towards a less destructive economy of food.

　　问题是，是否有可能保持营养转型的繁荣的同时，迈向破坏性较小的粮食经济。

　　The problem cannot be fixed⁸ without radical⁹ government intervention¹⁰.

　　如果不进行激进的政府干预，这个问题是无法解决的。

　　Healthy food needs to be made the affordable¹¹, available and normal option.

　　健康食品需要成为负担得起的、可获得的和正常的选择。

　　This reform is all the more urgent in the wake of the war in Ukraine -- the world’s fifth-largest wheat exporter -- which will push the price of basic staples¹² to unaffordable levels for many households.

　　在全球第五大小麦出口国乌克兰爆发战争后，这项改革变得更加紧迫。这将把基本主食的价格推高到许多家庭无法承受的水平。

　　But while we wait for this structural¹³ reform to happen, what can we as individuals do to eat in happier and healthier ways?

　　但是，在我们等待这种结构性改革发生的同时，作为个人，我们可以做些什么来以更快乐、更健康的方式饮食？

　　One suggestion is that we start trusting our own senses more, and the slogans on food packets less.

　　一种建议是，我们开始更多地相信自己的感官，少看食品包装上的标语。

　　The food writer Michael Pollan once said: “If you’re concerned about your health, you should probably avoid food products that make health claims. Why?

　　食品作家迈克尔·波伦曾经说过：“如果你关心自己的健康，你可能应该避免那些声称健康的食品。为什么？

　　Because a health claim on a food product is a good indication that it’s not really food, and food is what you want to eat.”

　　因为食品上的健康声明很好地表明了它并不是真正的食物，而食物是你想吃的东西。

　　When you really pay attention to what all five senses are telling you about food, you might automatically start to eat in a different and more pleasurable way.

　　当你真正注意到这五种感官都在告诉你关于食物的信息时，你可能会自然而然地开始以一种不同的、更令人愉悦的方式进食。

　　You might eat less, but appreciate what you are eating more.

　　你可能会吃得更少，但要更多地欣赏你吃的东西。

　　You reconnect with your own body and its relationship with food -- at least, this has been my experience.

　　你重新连接你自己的身体和它与食物的关系——至少，这是我的经验。

　　I notice that when I am cooking, if I can breathe in all of the scents¹⁴ and sights of the cooking process, I feel nourished by them before I even sit down to eat.

　　我注意到，当我做饭时，如果我能呼吸到烹饪过程中所有的气味和景象，我甚至在坐下来吃饭之前就感觉到被它们滋养了。

1 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

2 ushered   

v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The secretary ushered me into his office. 秘书把我领进他的办公室。
• A round of parties ushered in the New Year. 一系列的晚会迎来了新年。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

5 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

6 surfeit   

v.使饮食过度；n.(食物)过量，过度

参考例句：

• The voters are pretty sick of such a surfeit of primary sloganeering.选民们对于初选时没完没了地空喊口号的现象感到发腻了。
• A surfeit of food makes one sick.饮食过量使人生病。

7 dearth   

n.缺乏，粮食不足，饥谨

参考例句：

• There is a dearth of good children's plays.目前缺少优秀的儿童剧。
• Many people in that country died because of dearth of food.那个国家有许多人因为缺少粮食而死。

8 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

9 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

10 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

11 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

12 staples   

n.（某国的）主要产品( staple的名词复数 )；钉书钉；U 形钉；主要部份v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The anvil onto which the staples are pressed was not assemble correctly. 订书机上的铁砧安装错位。 来自辞典例句
• I'm trying to make an analysis of the staples of his talk. 我在试行分析他的谈话的要旨。 来自辞典例句

13 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

14 scents   

n.香水( scent的名词复数 )；气味；（动物的）臭迹；（尤指狗的）嗅觉

参考例句：

• The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills. 空气中荡漾着山和海的芬芳气息。
• The winds came down with scents of the grass and wild flowers. 微风送来阵阵青草和野花的香气。 来自《简明英汉词典》