英语PK台 第588期:英语的被动语态(2)

 　　被动句的重要时态

　　①一般现在时/过去时：“be +动词过去分词 ”

　　②完成时态

　　A．现在完成时被动语气：“have been done”

　　B．过去完成时被动语气：“had been done”

　　③一般将来时被动语气：

　　即由“shall do”或“will do”变为“shall be done”或“will be done”。

　　主动：We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.

　　被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.

　　我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。

　　主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.

　　被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.

　　过年九月我将送我次子去读书。

　　主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

　　被动：You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.

　　他们将问你许多怪题。

　　主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations¹ in the future.

　　被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

　　中国人民在未来将进行更多的太空探索。

　　④将来进行时：

　　将来进行时无被动，只能是主动形式的shall (will) be doing

　　We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment.

　　我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。

　　In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.

　　几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。

　　We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources² to meet the need for power.

　　我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。

　　What will you be doing this evening?

　　今晚你将做什么？

　　⑤现在进行时、过去进行时

　　现在进行时或过去进行时都是“be”的人称、时和数的形式加“doing”。而被动态则是“be”加上“being done”的形式，“being”是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态的重点，容易搞错。例如：

　　主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering³ Institute.

　　被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

　　工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。

　　The building of another fly-over is being planned.

　　他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。

　　Two reservoirs⁴ are being built at the same time.

　　两座水库同时建造。

　　The nasty⁵ question was being considered by the committee⁶ members.

　　委员会的委员们之前正在考虑那个棘手的问题。

　　下列情况不用被动语态

　　①连系动词多不用被动句：(feel, sound, taste, smell )

　　例：The desk feels cold in winter.

　　课桌在冬天摸上去很冷。（feel是连系动词）

　　②不及物动词：happen=take place/belong to

　　Many changes have happened to the city.

　　这个城市，许多改变已经发生。

　　与被动句搭配的介词用法

　　I think these coats are made of wool.

　　（be made of 由......制成，看得见原材料）

　　Bread is made from wheat.

　　（be made from由......制成，看不见原材料）

　　The trains are made in Beijing.

　　（in在......地方）

　　The cakes are made by my mother.

　　（by被什么人）

　　These kites are made for the children.

　　（for为了什么人）

　　Glass is usually made into bottles.

　　（into 被制成什么）

　　Glasses are used for drinking.

　　（for指用途）

　　This thing can be used as a desk.

　　（as作为什么）

　　It is said that+句子：据说

　　It is believed that+句子：据信

　　It is thought that+句子：据认为

　　It is reported that+句子： 据报道

　　例：It is said that he has gone to Wuhan.

　　据说他已去了武汉。

1 explorations   

探险旅行( exploration的名词复数 )； 搜寻； 考察； 勘探

参考例句：

• Our underwater explorations also helped to confirm the theory. 我们的水下考察也有助于证实这个理论。
• The geographical explorations had revealed the inadequacies of the existing maps. 地形勘查揭露出现有地图的不妥之处。

2 sources   

原因( source的名词复数 )； [物理学]源； 来源； 起源

参考例句：

• Government sources denied there had been a deliberate cover-up. 政府方面否认了有故意掩饰的行为。
• renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power 像风力和太阳能这种用之不竭的能源

3 engineering   

n.工程，工程学，管理，操纵

参考例句：

• The science of engineering began as soon as man learned to use tools. 人类一学会使用工具,工程科学就开始了。
• It was the first great engineering works in the world. 这是世界上第一家大型的工程工厂。

4 reservoirs   

n.水库( reservoir的名词复数 )；储藏；大量的储备；储液槽

参考例句：

• We must make use of our untapped reservoirs of talent. 我们必须利用我们尚未利用的人才。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The big storms in August refilled the reservoirs. 八月的暴雨又使水库积满了水。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 nasty   

adj.令人讨厌的，困难的，恶劣的，下流的

参考例句：

• She got a nasty knock on the head when she fell.她跌倒时头部受到严重碰撞。
• When this material burns，it flings off a nasty smell.这种物质燃烧时发出一股难闻的气味。

6 committee   

n.委员会，全体委员

参考例句：

• We referred the matter back to the Finance Committee.我们把这事转回给财政委员会处理。
• I am going to speak out against the committee's decision.我打算直言反对委员会的决定。