早安英文 第574期:外国人经常犯的语法错误

 

1."The service was terrible, but anyways the meal was gorgeous."

应该是："The service was terrible, but anyway the meal was gorgeous."

anyways是anyway的一个非正式的形式，很多人认为是错误的。

其他示例：

You're late. Anyways, at least you showed up. 你迟到了。但是不管怎么样，你还是出现了。

I'm very happy with it, anyways. 不管怎么样，我还是很开心的。

2.I ain't got no money.

应该是：I ain't got any money.

类似中文中的这种“双重否定表肯定”，在英文中对应的叫litotes[la??to?ti:z]。

而英文中如果讲double negative，指的是双重否定加强否定的情况。很多人认为这是错误的做法。

Double negatives are usually associated with regional and ethnical dialects such as Southern American English, African American Vernacular¹ English, and various British regional dialects.

双重否定通常与区域和民族方言有关，如南美英语，非裔美国人英语和各种英国地区方言。另外有的人会故意用这样的方式说话，给人一种贱贱的感觉。

其他示例：

I didn't say nothing. 我啥也没说。

I didn't go nowhere today. 我今儿哪都没去。

I'm not hungry no more. 我都不饿了。

You don't know nothing. 你啥也不晓得。

3.There's lots of cars in the car park.

应该是：There are lots of cars in the car park.

In speaking and in some informal writing, we use there's even when it refers to more than one. In this case, “there's” is kind of like a contraction² for both there is and there are.

在口语或者一些非正式写作中，即使是复数名字，也会用there's。这个时候，我们把there's理解成是there is和there are的缩写。

Here's 同理

其他示例：

There's three other people who are still to come.

还有三个人要来的。

Here's some pictures of her.

这里是一些她的照片。

4.Every one of us working in the company are striving to provide the best service.

应该是：Every one of us working in the company is striving to provide the best service.

真正的主语是单数的every one，后面的of us只是一个修饰，所以位于动词应该和主语every one保持一致，用is。

5.We've got less pizzas than we need. There's ten people and only eight pizzas.

应该是：We've got fewer pizzas than we need. There's ten people and only eight pizzas.

母语人士经常用less来形容可数名词，其实正确严格来讲，应该用fewer。

Cambridge dictionary: "You will often hear less used with plural³ countable⁴ nouns in informal spoken situations, but traditionally it is not considered to be correct"

6.We should've went earlier.

应该是：We should've gone earlier.

Confusing the past form & past participle of irregular verbs.

不规则动词过去式和过去分词的混淆。

其他示例：

I've went to that place 3 times.

那地方我去过3次了。

7.I literally⁵ jumped out of my skin.

应该是：I figuratively jumped out of my skin.

literally的本意为：确实地；真正地；不加夸张地。经常用来形容一些看似夸张惊人但真实的数据。

但是现在很多人用它来加强即使字面意义并不真实的词语，表示“简直”，一些用词谨慎者认为此用法不正确。

其他示例：

"My school gym is like literally 500 years old." 我们学校的操场(旧得)像是500年了一样。

She literally has thousands of pairs of shoes. 她怕是有几千双鞋子。

He was literally blazing with anger. 我真是气到冒火焰。

1 vernacular   

adj.地方的，用地方语写成的；n.白话；行话；本国语；动植物的俗名

参考例句：

• The house is built in a vernacular style.这房子按当地的风格建筑。
• The traditional Chinese vernacular architecture is an epitome of Chinese traditional culture.中国传统民居建筑可谓中国传统文化的缩影。

2 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

3 plural   

n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的

参考例句：

• Most plural nouns in English end in's '.英语的复数名词多以s结尾。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

4 countable   

adj.可数的，可以计算的

参考例句：

• The word "person" is a countable noun.person这个词是个可数名词。
• Countable nouns have singular and plural forms.可数名词有单数和复数之分。

5 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。