肥胖女性更有可能流产或导致婴儿死亡

 肥胖女性更有可能流产或导致婴儿死亡

Women are counseled not to be too thin or too heavy before getting pregnant, and new research gives even more reason for women to watch their weight: obese¹ pregnant women stand a much greater chance of miscarrying or burying their child before the baby's first birthday, the study finds.

建议女性怀孕前不要太胖也不要太瘦，新的研究也给出更多的理由要女性注意她们的体重：肥胖的孕妇更有可能流产或使婴儿一岁前就死亡，研究发现。

"Given the rising prevalence of obesity² in the population of pregnant women, the rates of miscarriage³, stillbirth and infant mortality can be anticipated to increase," according to the study from Newcastle University in the United Kingdom, which was published this week in the European journal Human Reproduction. 

“由于孕妇肥胖问题越来越普遍，流产、死胎和婴儿死亡率也相对地增加。”根据英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究，这个星期发表在《人类生殖》这本欧洲杂志上。

Researchers studied nearly 41,000 singleton pregnancies⁴ between 2003 to 2005 at five British maternity⁵ wards⁶. They learned that women who were obese in early pregnancy⁷ had nearly double the risk of fetal death in utero or up to one year after birth compared to women who fell into recommended weight parameters⁸.

研究人员研究了2003年到2005年5个英国产科病房4.1万名单胎孕妇。他们发现怀孕初期就肥胖的女性胎死在子宫或出生后一年死亡的风险是那些符合体重参数女性的两倍。

That's not to say, however, that obese women are unlikely to have healthy babies. Most babies carried by most women, regardless of their size, turn out just fine, points out the study's lead researcher, Ruth Bell, a clinical senior lecturer in the Institute of Health and Society at Newcastle University.

然而，那并不是说，肥胖女性不可能生下健康的宝宝。此项研究的主要研究人员，纽卡斯尔大学卫生和社会协会的临床高级讲师Ruth Bell指出，无论体型，大部分妈妈生出的宝宝都很健康。

Although it's preferable to reach a healthy weight pre-pregnancy, Bell sought to reassure⁹ mothers, telling the Daily Mail "that it is uncommon¹⁰ for fetal and infant deaths — most women deliver healthy babies despite what weight they are."

尽管在孕前达到健康体重更好，但是Bell希望妈妈们放心，并告诉《每日邮报》“胎死和婴儿死亡是罕见的——无论体重，大部分女性都生出健康的宝宝。”

Dieting is not recommended during pregnancy, but making healthy nutrition choices is, says Bell:

并不推荐怀孕期间节食减肥，而推荐一个健康营养的选择。Bell说：

"When a woman is pregnant it is not the right time for her to go on a diet as it is most important that she eats healthily, ensuring her baby gets all the essential nutrients¹¹ it needs.

“女性怀孕时并不适合节食减肥，因为她吃得健康最重要，确保宝宝获得所需的营养。”

"What is important, however, is that women are helped and supported to achieve a healthy weight before they become pregnant or after the baby is born, as this will give the baby the best start to life.”

“然而，重要的是，要帮助呵呵支持女性在怀孕前或生孩子后保持健康的体重，这样才能给宝宝最好的人生开端。”

Obese women suffer about eight more fetal and infant deaths per 1,000 births than women who enter pregnancy at a recommended weight, according to the study.

根据研究显示，肥胖女性每生出1000个婴儿所遭受的胎死和婴儿死亡比符合体重的孕妇多超过8个。

Pre-eclampsia — pregnancy-related high blood pressure — was responsible for a greater proportion of the obesity-related deaths. But obesity was also associated with an increased risk of other conditions. Obese pregnant women are more likely to develop gestational diabetes¹², which manifests itself during pregnancy.

子痫前期——怀孕相关高血压——是肥胖相关疾病越来越多的原因。但是肥胖也跟其他条件的风险增加有关。肥胖孕妇更有可能患上妊娠糖尿病，这出现在她怀孕期间。

Although researchers controlled for factors including the mothers' age, ethnicity, smoking status, socioeconomic status and the birth weight and gestational age of the babies, they did not analyze¹³ how diet, exercise, alcohol or caffeine consumption may have influenced pregnancy risks.

尽管研究人员检查包括母亲的年龄，种族，吸烟与否，社会经济地位，婴儿出生体重和怀孕年龄这些因素，他们并没有分析饮食，运动，饮酒或喝咖啡会影响孕期风险。

1 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

2 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

3 miscarriage   

n.失败，未达到预期的结果；流产

参考例句：

• The miscarriage of our plans was a great blow.计划的失败给我们以巨大的打击。
• Women who smoke are more to have a miscarriage.女性吸烟者更容易流产。

4 pregnancies   

怀孕，妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象，战时人口正该补充。
• She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。

5 maternity   

n.母性，母道，妇产科病房；adj.孕妇的，母性的

参考例句：

• Women workers are entitled to maternity leave with full pay.女工产假期间工资照发。
• Trainee nurses have to work for some weeks in maternity.受训的护士必须在产科病房工作数周。

6 wards   

区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态

参考例句：

• This hospital has 20 medical [surgical] wards. 这所医院有 20 个内科[外科]病房。
• It was a big constituency divided into three wards. 这是一个大选区，下设三个分区。

7 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

8 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

9 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

10 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

11 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

13 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。