生病时绝不能吃的那些食物

 　　Foods you should never eat when you're sick

　　生病时绝不能吃的那些食物！

　　Orange juice

　　橙汁儿

　　When you should skip it: You have a cough or sore throat.

　　什么时候不该喝：咳嗽或喉咙痛时。

　　Why it makes you feel worse: Orange juice's tart¹ acidity² is usually refreshing³. But when you have a cough or cold, it can hurt your throat. "It contains citric acid, which irritates the lining⁴ of your already-inflamed throat," says Taz Bhatia, MD, professor of integrative medicine at Emory University and author of What Doctors Eat. That means your throat will hurt more and take longer to heal.

　　为什么会让你的病情加重：通常，橙汁儿的酸味会提神。但是在你咳嗽或感冒时，这会对你的喉咙造成伤害。"橙汁含有柠檬酸，会刺激你已经发炎的喉咙，"医学博士泰兹·巴蒂亚说道，他也是埃默里大学整合医学教授，同时也是《医生吃什么》（What Doctors Eat）一书的作者。这就是说你的喉咙会损伤更严重，也需要更长的时间才能治愈。

　　Coffee

　　咖啡

　　When you should skip it: You have any type of illness, but especially a stomach bug⁵.

　　什么时候不该喝：在你生病的时候（不管什么病），尤其是肚子痛时更不能喝。

　　Why it makes you feel worse: The caffeine in coffee is a diuretic, so it can make you pee a lot and leave you dehydrated. That's bad news when you're battling a virus or other infection, since getting enough hydration helps your immune system fight more effectively, says Kristine Arthur, MD, an internist at Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center in Fountain Valley, California. Caffeine is even worse when you're dealing⁶ with vomiting⁷ or diarrhea, since both can cause you to lose fluid. Taking in extra caffeine on top of that will only make that dehydration⁸ worse. Plus, caffeine can actually stimulate⁹ the muscles in your digestive tract¹⁰ and make your diarrhea more intense, Dr. Arthur says.

　　为什么会让你的病情加重：咖啡中的咖啡因是利尿剂，所以你上厕所的次数会变多，从而会脱水。当你在与病毒或其它感染作斗争的时候，这可不是好消息，因为水分充足可使免疫系统更为有效，医学博士克里斯蒂娜·亚瑟说道，她也是加州方廷瓦利橘子海岸纪念医疗中心（Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center）的内科医生。当你呕吐或腹泻时，摄入咖啡因会使情况更糟，因为这两种病都会使体内水分流失。除此之外，摄入额外咖啡因会使脱水更严重。此外，咖啡因实际上会刺激消化道肌肉，从而使得腹泻更为严重，亚瑟医生说道。

　　生病时绝不能吃的那些食物！.jpg

　　Sweets

　　甜食

　　When you should skip it: You have any type of illness, but especially a stomach bug.

　　什么时候不该吃：当你生病的时候（不管什么病），尤其是肚子痛时更不能吃。

　　Why it makes you feel worse: Eating refined sugar can temporarily suppress your white blood cells' ability to fight off bacteria, says Dr. Arthur. For a few hours after snacking on cookies, candy, or sugary cereal, your immune system is weaker. As a result, it's less efficient at fighting off the germs that are making you sick. Refined sugar poses even more of a problem when you're dealing with a stomach bug. "Sugar tends to pull fluid out of the GI tract, which can lead to diarrhea," Dr. Arthur says.

　　为什么会让你的病情加重：吃精制糖会暂时抑制白细胞抵抗细菌的能力，亚瑟医生说道。但吃了饼干、糖果或含糖麦片后，只要几个小时你的免疫系统就会更弱。因此，在抵抗使你生病的细菌方面也就效率更低了。当你肚子痛的时候，精制糖会使情况更严重。"糖往往会使液体从胃肠道中流出，从而导致腹泻，"亚瑟医生说道。

　　Crunchy snacks

　　脆脆的零食

　　When to skip them: You have a cough or sore throat.

　　什么时候不该吃：咳嗽或喉咙痛时。

　　Why they make you feel worse: The abrasive¹¹ texture¹² of snacks like potato chips, granola, or even crispy toast will feel like sandpaper on your raw throat, Dr. Bhatia says.

　　为什么会让你的病情加重：薯片、格兰诺拉麦片、甚至是脆皮吐司等表面粗糙的零食会像砂纸般穿过你的喉咙，巴蒂亚医生说道。

1 tart   

adj.酸的；尖酸的，刻薄的；n.果馅饼；淫妇

参考例句：

• She was learning how to make a fruit tart in class.她正在课上学习如何制作水果馅饼。
• She replied in her usual tart and offhand way.她开口回答了，用她平常那种尖酸刻薄的声调随口说道。

2 acidity   

n.酸度，酸性

参考例句：

• This plant prefers alkaline soil,though it will readily tolerate some acidity.这种植物在酸性土壤中也能生存，但硷性土壤更加适宜。
• Gastric acidity would not prevent the organism from passing into the gut.胃的酸度不能防止细菌进入肠道。

3 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

4 lining   

n.衬里，衬料

参考例句：

• The lining of my coat is torn.我的外套衬里破了。
• Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.用苔藓垫在铁丝篮里很漂亮。

5 bug   

n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器

参考例句：

• There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
• The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。

6 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

7 vomiting   

吐

参考例句：

• Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
• Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候，看不得人家呕。”

8 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

9 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

10 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。

11 abrasive   

adj.使表面磨损的；粗糙的；恼人的

参考例句：

• His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety.他生硬粗暴的态度让他声名狼藉。
• She had abrasions to her wrists where the abrasive rope had scraped her.她的手腕有多出磨伤，那是被粗糙的绳子擦伤的。

12 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。