清明节的传统

The Tradition of Ching Ming Festival

    每年的清明定在二十四节气的春分后的第十五天，清明节是子孙们去扫墓祭祖的节日，人们会带祭品前往祭祖，同时打扫和清理墓啤。今年(2005)的清明节是公历4月5日。

 清 明 上 河 图

清明节的传统

    Ancestor worship is a Chinese tradition dating back thousands of years.

    中国祭祀祖先的传统已有数千年之久。

    Also known as the Grave-sweeping or Spring Remembrance, Ching Ming ("clear and bright"), is when Chinese families show their respect by visiting the graves of their ancestors to clear away weeds, touch up gravestone inscriptions¹ and make offerings of wine and fruit.

    清明时，中国阖家前往祭拜祖先，同时把祖坟修饰一下，把杂草清除。然后准备一些牺牲、酒和水果作为对祖先的祭品。

清明节的翻译

    “清明”依音译为“Ching Ming, 但“节”则依意译为festival，合起来便是Ching Ming Festival, 是音译和意译的混合物。

    此外，我们再学习几个中国传统节日的英译：

    “春节”在英文上叫做Chinese New Year's Day, 是意译，字面的意思就是“中国人的新年”；或Spring Festival，即“春天的节日”；或Chinese Rural New Year，即“中国农历新年”
    “端午节”的译法和“清明节”一样，“端午”译为Duan Wu, 节是Festival。不过，许多人也喜欢称之为Duan Wu, 节是Festival。另外，许多人也喜欢称之为Dragon Boat Festival，意为“龙舟节”。
    “中秋节”逐字意译为Mid-Autumn Festival,有时则在前边加上Chinese。亦有人称之为Moon Festival的。
    “重阳节”也和“清明节”、“端午节”一般译法，称为Chung Yeung Festival。由于我们有时也把“重阳”称为“重九”，所以有些英国人也把我们的这一个节日叫做“Double-ninth Day,”不过还是以前者较多用。

扩充阅读一：Chinese Ching Ming Festival

A Chinese holiday, celbrated on April 5th, is the Ching Ming Festival (aka Qingming Festival.) Ching, in Chinese, means pure or clean and Ming means brightness. Most people call this holiday grave-sweeping day because people head to the cemetery² to clean graves.

There are many Ching Ming rituals[仪式] which include pulling out weeds around the headstone, cleaning the stone and replacing wilted³ or dead flowers with fresh ones. People also burn incense[薰香] and paper money. The paper money is for the deceased to use in the afterlife. You'll even see food arranged on headstones but it's not a picnic. The food is an offering to the spirits. Three sets of chopsticks[筷子] and three Chinese wine cups are also placed above the food, close to the headstone.

Other rituals include family members pouring wine on the grave or setting off firecrackers[鞭炮] to scare away evil spirits. The firecrackers also let deceased loved ones know they're there to pay their respects. Legend has it that unhappy spirits wander the earth on Ching Ming day. It's considered bad luck to do important business or have an operation on April 5th. Stick to hanging out in the cemetery and offering your ancestors food and fake money.

The practice of ancestor worship is based on three beliefs:
1) that a person's good or bad fortune is influenced by the souls of his or her ancestors;
2) that all departed[死去的] ancestors have the same material needs they had when alive; and
3) that the departed can assist their living relatives.

扩充阅读二：清明节的由来

    有关清明节的由来：相传在秦朝末年，汉高祖刘邦和西楚霸王项羽，大战好几回合后，终于取得天下。他光荣返回故乡的时候，想要到父母亲的坟墓上去祭拜，却因为连年的战争，使得一座座的坟墓上长满杂草，墓碑东倒西歪，有的断落，有的破裂，而无法辨认碑上的文字。

    刘邦非常的难过，虽然部下也帮他翻遍所有的墓碑，可是直到黄昏的时候还是没找到他父母的坟墓。最後刘邦从衣袖里拿出一张纸，用手撕成许多小碎片，紧紧捏在手上，然後向上苍祷告说：“爹娘在天有灵，现在风刮得这么大，我将把这些小纸片，抛向空中，如果纸片落在一个地方，风都吹不动，就是爹娘的坟墓。”说完刘邦把纸片向空中抛，果然有一片纸片落在一座坟墓上，不论风怎么吹都吹不动，刘邦跑过去仔细瞧一瞧模糊的墓碑，果然看到他父母的名字刻在上面。

    刘邦高兴得不得了，马上请人重新整修父母亲的墓，而且从此以后，每年的清明节一定到父母的坟上祭拜。后来民间的百姓，也和刘邦一样每年的清明节都到祖先的坟墓祭拜，并且用小土块压几张纸片在坟上，表示这座坟墓是有人祭扫的。

1 inscriptions   

（作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记

参考例句：

• Centuries of wind and rain had worn away the inscriptions on the gravestones. 几个世纪的风雨已磨损了墓碑上的碑文。
• The inscriptions on the stone tablet have become blurred with the passage of time. 年代久了，石碑上的字迹已经模糊了。

2 cemetery   

n.坟墓，墓地，坟场

参考例句：

• He was buried in the cemetery.他被葬在公墓。
• His remains were interred in the cemetery.他的遗体葬在墓地。

3 wilted   

（使）凋谢，枯萎( wilt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The flowers wilted in the hot sun. 花在烈日下枯萎了。
• The romance blossomed for six or seven months, and then wilted. 那罗曼史持续六七个月之后就告吹了。