考大日子：世界各地的高校入学考试

 　　June 7-8 in China

　　June 7 is a big day for people in China aiming to undertake higher education as the National College Entrance Exam, or gaokao, falls that day. The exam has long been controversial for imposing¹ uniformity in picking talents. Do students in other countries have to suffer similar pressures to win university places? Let's have a look.

　　对中国许多想接受高等教育的学生来说，6月7日是个大日子，因为这是高考的第一天。长久以来，高考制度因其单一的人才选拔制度而饱受争议，那么其他国家的学生是否也需要承担如此压力才能进入心仪的大学呢？让我们一起来看看吧。

　　高考大日子：世界各地的高校入学考试

　　1.Each year, millions of Chinese sit the exam which is held normally on June 7-8.

　　每年6月7、8日两天，中国数百万的学生参加高考。

　　It is taken by students in their final year of senior high school without age restriction². Last year 9.12 million students took the exam. Although university admission is rising, with more than 90 percent in some provinces, to enter a good university one still needs go through fierce competition.

　　高考在学生高三最后学年结束时举行，去年有912万考生应考。尽管高考的大学录取率在提高，有些省份高达90%以上，但想要进入一个理想的好大学还是要经过高考的激烈竞争。

　　ACT & SAT in US

　　2. The American College Testing assessment³ (ACT) and Scholastic⁴ Aptitude⁵ Test (SAT) are the two main college entrance exams administered in the United States.

　　ACT美国大学入学考试和SAT美国高考，是美国施行的两种主要高校入学考试。

　　While the SAT measures a student's ability to learn, the ACT was created as an alternative, measuring a student's educational development. Although many US colleges accept both exams, most students take the ACT. Each year nearly two million students pay a registration⁶ fee of about $50 to take the test, which is administered six times throughout the year. Students can also retake the exam for a better score.

　　SAT考查学生的学习能力，而ACT作为一门自选考试、考查学生的教育发展能力。虽然美国大多数大学对两种考试都持认可态度，但大部分学生参加ACT考试。每年有将近2000万考生支付50美元的报考费，一年有6次报考机会。学生可以重复参加考试以获取最好成绩。

　　UK

　　3. The United Kingdom does not have a specific standardized⁷ test for determining college admission.

　　英国没有统一的大学入学标准考试。

　　Instead, each college sets up its own admissions criteria⁸, which often only involves submission⁹ of transcripts¹⁰ and participation¹¹ in an interview. There are subject-specific exams used by some colleges, but they are not as comprehensive as tests like the ACT and gaokao. High school academic performance is by far the main determining factor, rather than test scores or other credentials¹².

　　替而代之的，每个大学都有自己的考核标准，有些只需上交成绩单并进行一场面试就可以了。有些大学采用针对学科的考试，但这些考试都不像ACT和高考那么综合全面。目前，中学的学习成绩是英国大学录取的主要因素，而不是仅凭某一考试分数或其他证书。

　　France

　　4.The so-called college entrance examination is equal to the baccalaureate in June in France.

　　法国6月份的毕业考和所谓的“高考”等同。

　　Students interested in higher education have to choose between two types of educational institutes: Universities and Competitive Institutes (Grandes Ecoles). French universities are open to all students who have passed their baccalaureate. But getting into a "grande école" is a whole different game where entry is at "bac+2" level, the level of the third year of university studies.

　　对高等教育有兴趣的同学可以选择两种学校就读：大学或有竞争力的学院（法国“大学校”）。法国大学对所有通过毕业考的学生开放，但想进入“大学校”则有不同的准入规则，入学的学生必须达到bac+2水平，等同于大学三年级的水平。

　　Japan

　　5.In Japan there is a National Center Test for University Admissions, a standardized test used by public and some private universities.

　　日本则为大学准入安排了全国性大学入学考试，其标准化考试为众多公立和私立大学所采纳。

　　Because students only have one chance to take the test each year, there is great pressure to perform well and the majority of senior high school education is devoted¹³ to this single test. This year, 561,000 students sat the entrance examination in January.

　　由于学生每年只有一次机会参加考试，所以要一次考好就会给学生很大压力，进而日本高中教育的重点都是为了这一场考试。今年1月，日本有561000学生参加大学入学考试。

　　South Korea

　　6.College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) or college entrance exam is held in November each year in South Korea.

　　每年11月份，韩国都要举行大学修学能力测试（CSAT）或者大学入学考试。

　　CSAT plays an important role in the country's education and it is commonly believed that the test paves the way and life of most high school graduates. On the test day, the stock markets openlate and buses and subways are increased to avoid traffic jams that may prevent students from getting to testing sites. Students who are late for the tests are escorted by police officers.

　　CSAT在韩国的教育中扮演着重要角色，通常认为这场考试决定着大部分高中毕业生的前途和命运。在考试这一天，股票市场开盘推迟、公车地铁班次增加以避免交通堵塞，这一切都是为保证学生能准时到达考场。有迟到危险的考生还会得到交警的护送。

　　India

　　7.There is no common college entrance exam in India.

　　在印度没有公共大学入学考试。

　　Tests, a must for every university and college, are conducted by several institutions and students are selected on different criteria. The exams are based on various syllabi¹⁴ and are mostly conducted for the higher level of education.

　　在印度，每个大学都要通过测试来考核录取学生，而考试则由几个院校管理主持，高校根据不同标准挑选学生。考试根据不同的教学大纲进行设计，以服务高等教育遴选学生。

　　Brazil

　　8.High School National Exam (ENEM) is a non-mandatory, standardized Brazilian national exam, which evaluates high school students in November.

　　在巴西，国家高考（ENEM）是非强制性的标准化国家考试，每年11月举行，以考核中学生的学习水平。

　　The ENEM is the most important exam of its kind in Brazil, since it has been used as an admission test for enrollment¹⁵ in federal universities and educational institutes. Also it's used for certification for a high school degree. In 2013, about 7 million people registered for the exam.

　　ENEM国家高考在巴西是同类考试中最重要的，因为它已经被当做联邦大学和学院的准入考试。同时，它也被用来授予中学学位。2013年，巴西约700万考生参加ENEM国家高考。

1 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

2 restriction   

n.限制，约束

参考例句：

• The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。
• The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。

3 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

4 scholastic   

adj.学校的，学院的，学术上的

参考例句：

• There was a careful avoidance of the sensitive topic in the scholastic circles.学术界小心地避开那个敏感的话题。
• This would do harm to students' scholastic performance in the long run.这将对学生未来的学习成绩有害。

5 aptitude   

n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资

参考例句：

• That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋。
• As a child,he showed an aptitude for the piano.在孩提时代，他显露出对于钢琴的天赋。

6 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

7 standardized   

adj.标准化的

参考例句：

• We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
• The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。

8 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

9 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

10 transcripts   

n.抄本（ transcript的名词复数 ）；转写本；文字本；副本

参考例句：

• Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样，都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
• You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书，你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句

11 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

12 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

13 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

14 syllabi   

判决理由书的要旨

参考例句：

15 enrollment   

n.注册或登记的人数；登记

参考例句：

• You will be given a reading list at enrollment.注册时你会收到一份阅读书目。
• I just got the enrollment notice from Fudan University.我刚刚接到复旦大学的入学通知书。