“拍脑袋决定”当选澳大利亚2015年度热词

 　　Captain's call - a phrase "plucked" from the cricket pitch and politicised by former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott - has become the Macquarie Dictionary's Word of the Year for 2015.

　　“拍脑袋决定（原意：队长的决定）”一词源于板球运动，后因被用来戏谑澳大利亚前总理托尼·阿博特而变成政治术语。现在，该词已被麦夸里辞典列为“2015年度热词”。

　　Mr Abbott's controversial choice to award Prince Philip a knighthood was one of his many "captain's calls".

　　阿博特做过不少“拍脑袋的决定”，其中包括授予英国菲利普亲王骑士头衔，此事让他备受争议。

　　The noun is defined as "a decision made by a political or business leader without consultation¹ with colleagues".

　　这个名词是指“一个由政治或商业领导人所做的决定，未经与其同僚商议过。”

　　The dictionary said the word "perfectly² encapsulates" Australia in 2015.

　　该辞典称这个词“完美总结”了2015年的澳大利亚。

　　拍脑袋决定

　　"There has been an interesting change in usage; an infrequent item of the jargon³ of cricket makes the leap into politics and is now being used generally with an ironic⁴ tinge⁵ to it that is very Australian," the Macquarie Dictionary said in a statement.

　　“这个词在用法上发生了一个十分有趣的变化；一个并不常见的板球术语进入到了政治领域，并且，人们在使用该词时通常带有讽刺意味，这种情况极富澳大利亚色彩，”麦夸里辞典在声明中如是说。

　　Coming in second was the word "lumbersexual" - a portmanteau of lumberjack and metrosexual - referring to urban men who adopt the style of an outdoorsman as a fashion statement.

　　排名第二的年度热词是“伐木型男”。它是伐木工人和都市型男这两个词的合成词，指那种以户外运动为时尚的都市男性。

　　Other contenders for Australia's best word in 2015

　　澳大利亚2015年度热词候选

　　1. deso: Colloquially⁶ refers to a designated driver, who refrains from drinking alcohol in order to drive others safely home. Also, deso driver.

　　的搜：口语中通常指代驾司机，他们为了安全载送顾客回家而不能饮酒。也可称“的搜司机”。

　　2. open kimono: A business policy of sharing information freely with an outside party.

　　开放式和服：指开放信息共享的商业政策。

　　3. keyboard warrior⁷: a person who adopts an excessively aggressive style in online discussions which they would not normally adopt in person-to-person communication, often in support of a cause, theory, world view, etc.

　　键盘侠：指那些在网上参与话题讨论时，对与自己立场、理论、世界观不同的人，采取恶语相向、攻击性态度的人，而这些人在现实生活中与人交流时却并不是这样。

　　4. ghost plate: a clear plastic numberplate cover which becomes opaque⁸ when viewed from certain angles, thereby⁹ obscuring the registration¹⁰ number; designed to circumvent¹¹ identification by speed cameras.

　　鬼牌：一种透明塑料车牌膜，会使车牌从某些特定角度看来模糊不清；这是专为躲避超速相机抓拍车牌而设计的。

　　5. athleisure: clothing, shoes, etc., designed for both exercise and general casual wear.

　　运动休闲风：既适合运动又很悠闲的衣服、鞋子等。

　　6. tri-tip: a cut of beef, taken from the bottom of the sirloin.

　　三角肉：牛里脊最下面的那块肉。

　　7. digital disruption: Commerce the impact of digital technology in making various established industries and products obsolete¹².

　　数字化冲击：在商业领域中，受信息技术发展的冲击而淘汰的大量工厂和产品。

　　8. abandoned porn: a genre¹³ of photography which romanticises abandoned buildings and urban areas in a state of decay. Also, ruin porn.

　　废墟艺术照：一种摄影类型，通过摄影技术使被遗弃的建筑和衰退区呈现一种颓废的浪漫色彩。英文也可以称之为“ruin porn”。

　　9. wombat¹⁴ gate: a swing gate installed in a ditch going underneath¹⁵ a fence, so that wombats¹⁶, who follow very predictable patterns at night, can come and go without destroying the fence.

　　袋熊门：一种旋转门，安装在篱笆下面的沟渠里。夜晚袋熊喜欢朝显眼的地方走，这个旋转门可以吸引袋熊的注意力从而防止它踩坏篱笆。

　　Vocabulary

　　knighthood：骑士身份

　　encapsulate：概述

　　obsolete：废弃的；老式的

1 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

2 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

3 jargon   

n.术语，行话

参考例句：

• They will not hear critics with their horrible jargon.他们不愿意听到评论家们那些可怕的行话。
• It is important not to be overawed by the mathematical jargon.要紧的是不要被数学的术语所吓倒.

4 ironic   

adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的

参考例句：

• That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
• People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。

5 tinge   

vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息

参考例句：

• The maple leaves are tinge with autumn red.枫叶染上了秋天的红色。
• There was a tinge of sadness in her voice.她声音中流露出一丝忧伤。

6 colloquially   

adv.用白话，用通俗语

参考例句：

• For some little time the Jurymen hang about the Sol's Ams colloquially. 那些陪审员在太阳徽酒店里呆着，东拉西扯地谈了一会儿。 来自辞典例句
• This building is colloquially referred to as the barn. 这个建筑，用通俗的话来说就是一个谷仓。 来自互联网

7 warrior   

n.勇士，武士，斗士

参考例句：

• The young man is a bold warrior.这个年轻人是个很英勇的武士。
• A true warrior values glory and honor above life.一个真正的勇士珍视荣誉胜过生命。

8 opaque   

adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的

参考例句：

• The windows are of opaque glass.这些窗户装着不透明玻璃。
• Their intentions remained opaque.他们的意图仍然令人费解。

9 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

10 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

11 circumvent   

vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜

参考例句：

• Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.军事策略家们企图绕开这一条约。
• Any action I took to circumvent his scheme was justified.我为斗赢他的如意算盘而采取的任何行动都是正当的。

12 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

13 genre   

n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格

参考例句：

• My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
• Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看， 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。

14 wombat   

n.袋熊

参考例句：

• Wombat wanted to wiggle along the ground.袋熊想在地面上扭动前进。
• A wombat stops in front a ranger's vehicle.袋熊停在护林员的车辆前面。

15 underneath   

adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面

参考例句：

• Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
• She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。

16 wombats   

n.袋熊( wombat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Wombats:Not big difference. 袋熊：没有很大的区别。 来自互联网
• Wombats wanted to wiggle along the ground. 袋熊想在地面上扭动前进。 来自互联网