老外都怎么过国庆：骑马？吃肉狗？

 　　The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation or non-sovereign country. This nationhood can be symbolized¹ by the date of independence, of becoming a republic or a significant date for a patron saint or a ruler (birthday, accession, removal, etc.). Often the day is not called "National Day" but serves and can be considered as one. The National Day will often be a national holiday.

　　国庆节是特定的某个日子，为了庆祝一个国家或非主权国家的诞生或独立。这种国家地位可以用独立日作为象征，表示这天起该国成为共和国，要么以守护神或统治者的重大时间作为国庆日（生日、就职、下台）。这一天通常不称为“国庆日”，但是与国庆日的作用无二。国庆日也通常是国家法定假日。

　　老外都怎么过国庆：骑马？吃肉狗？

　　Many countries have more than one National Day. For example, Pakistan has three National Days, none of which is named the "National Day". This signals the use of a "class" of National Days, that are equally important in the foundation of the nation, and a "class" of less important official public holidays.

　　许多国家不止一个国庆节。例如，巴基斯坦有三个国庆节，但是没有一个以“国庆节”命名。这就涉及国庆节的“等级”，在国家建立过程中同等重要同时与却不那么重要的官方公众假日。

　　Most countries have a fixed² date National Day, but some have movable dates. An example is Jamaica, which up to 1997 celebrated³ its National Day on the first Monday in August. This commemorated⁴ independence from the United Kingdom which was attained⁵ on Monday, 6 August 1962, the first Monday in August of that year. Israel's Independence Day is not fixed relative to the civil Gregorian calendar, being formally linked to 5 Iyar on the Jewish calendar, but may also be moved to any day between 3 and 6 Iyar in order to avoid preparing for or celebrating either Independence Day or Memorial Day (which immediately precedes Independence Day) on Shabbat; the practical effect of this is that Independence Day may be celebrated any day between 15 April and 15 May. Another example is Thailand which celebrates the birthday of the king on 5 December. This date will change on the accession of the heir to the throne.

　　许多国家的国庆节是固定不变，不过也有国家的国庆节是变化的。牙买加就是一个例子，直到1997年开始在8月的第一个星期一庆祝其国庆节。他们是为了庆祝1962年8月6日脱离英国独立，当时是星期一，而这个日子是那年8月的第一个星期一。以色列的独立日根据他们本国的格列高利历每年的日期也不同。通常是犹太历的5伊雅尔月，但是为了避免在安息日里同时庆祝独立日或纪念日（紧跟在独立日的前面）也有可能变动至3伊雅尔月和6伊雅尔月之间。结果就是以色列的独立日庆典也许在4月15日至5月15日任何一个日子。泰国的国庆节也不是固定的，他们在12月5日庆祝国王的生日。但是这一日期随着继承人登基的日子不同而变化。

　　在君主制国家，国庆节国家元首通常乘坐马车穿越街道向民众致敬。

　　Importance attached to the National Day as well as the degree to which it is celebrated vary greatly from country to country. For example, Spain's National Day Fiesta Nacional de Espa?a is held on 12 October, the day celebrated in other countries as Columbus Day or Día de la Raza, and commemorates⁶ the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas. A military parade is held in Madrid celebrating the occasion. The National Day in France is 14 July and known as the Fête nationale (known outside France as Bastille Day) commemorating⁷ the Storming of the Bastille, which is considered the start of the French Revolution. It is widely celebrated and the French Tricolour is much in evidence, while the President of the Republic attends a military parade on the Champs-?lysées of Paris. In the United States, the Independence Day celebrations on 4 July are widely celebrated with parades, fireworks, picnics and barbecues. In Ireland, Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March, is the equivalent of a national day and has been a public holiday for many years. However, in the United Kingdom the constituent⁸ countries' patron saints' days are low-key affairs. In recent times campaigns have commenced to promote the National Days of England, Scotland and Wales, with St. Andrew's Day being designated as an official bank holiday when the Scottish Parliament passed the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007. A National Day for the United Kingdom has also been proposed in recent years.

　　各国国庆节的庆祝仪式都不尽相同，受重视程度也不同。例如，西班牙国庆节Fiesta Nacional de Espa?a在10月12日，这一天在别的国家则是哥伦布发现美洲纪念日（Día de la Raza），是纪念克里斯多夫·哥伦布来到美洲的周年庆典。马德里会举行阅兵式来庆祝国庆节。法国的国庆节则是7月14日，法语中称为Fête nationale（法国之外的地方称之为巴士底日），是纪念攻占巴士底狱，也是法国大革命的开端。那天全法普天同庆，随处可见法国三色旗，与此同时法国总统出席巴黎香榭丽舍大街的阅兵式。美国的国庆节也就是独立日，每年的7月4日，他们通常会在那天游行、放烟火、野炊和烧烤以示庆祝。爱尔兰3月17日的圣帕特里克日相当于他们的国庆节，已作为国家假日很多年。但是大英帝国的各个联合区域的守护神的节日没有受到重视。最近多个运动开始提升英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士国庆节的关注度。苏格兰议会通过了2007年的《圣安德鲁日休假法案》，于是圣安德鲁日成为了法定节假日。

1 symbolized   

v.象征，作为…的象征( symbolize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• For Tigress, Joy symbolized the best a woman could expect from life. 在她看，小福子就足代表女人所应有的享受。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
• A car symbolized distinction and achievement, and he was proud. 汽车象征着荣誉和成功，所以他很自豪。 来自辞典例句

2 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

3 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

4 commemorated   

v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Lincoln commemorated the soldiers killed in the battle in his address. 林肯在演说中表扬阵亡将士。 来自辞典例句
• You'll be commemorated for killing a spy, and be specially discharged. 你们每杀一个间谍将会被记录到特殊档案。 来自电影对白

5 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

6 commemorates   

n.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的名词复数 )v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• A tombstone is erected in memory of whoever it commemorates. 墓碑是为纪念它所纪念的人而建的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A tablet commemorates his patriotic activities. 碑文铭记他的爱国行动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 commemorating   

v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He was presented with a scroll commemorating his achievements. 他被授予一幅卷轴，以表彰其所做出的成就。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The post office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers. 邮局发行了一个纪念美国著名演艺人员的系列邮票。 来自互联网

8 constituent   

n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的

参考例句：

• Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。
• Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。