托福语法讲解： 主谓一致

 托福语法讲解： 主谓一致

　　主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在数上要保持一致. 在英语除了时态的变化外，名词、动词的数也有差别，这就要求主语（以名词为代表）和谓语（包括助动词）在数上要一致

　　如：

　　1. 在名词+of+名词这种结构中, 前一个名词是整个短语的中心词, 当该短语作主语时，一般以of之前名词的数为依据确定谓语的数.

　　one of 之后需接复数名词，但one of+名词作主语时中心词是one，故谓语应用单数

　　One of my students wins the game.

　　2. 由and连接的多个名词作主语，谓语动词应用复数

　　Career and love are important to me.

　　Jim, John and Mary are playing football.

　　但是如果用and连接起来表示单一的概念时，谓语动词要用单数

　　The famous singer and actress, Whitney Huston is coming to the ceremony.

　　(在这里, singer和actress指得是同一人, 都是Whitney Huston)

　　3. 不可数名词，尤其是抽象名词(relation, authority, necessity, power, democracy, young等)作主语时要视为单数，谓语自然也要用单数

　　The relation between us is very simple.

　　4. 单个从句作主语时，谓语用单数

　　That she has gone insane is sheer rumor¹.

　　When they will come hasn't been made public.

　　5. 如果主语是单数，那么即使后面有with/ together with/ along with/accompanied by, no less than, like, but, except, including, besides等引导的短语，谓语动词仍然要是用单数

　　例如：The boy, together with his parents, goes to the cinema today.

　　No one except the two boys knows how to solve this problem.

　　6. 由Not A but B, Not only A but also B, either A or B, neither A nor B引导的主语，谓语通常和最邻近的主语相一致

　　Either you or Mary hurts her.

　　Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.

　　Not you but he is tired of typing.

　　Not only the students but also the teacher is going to be blamed.

　　7.在there be句型、介词短语、副词为句首引起的倒装句中，真正的主语通常在谓语的后面，谓语应该和后面的主语在数方面相一致。

　　但是在there be 句型中，如果有两个或者两个以上的主语，必须和最接近他的那个主语相一致。

　　There are a lot of books on the table.

　　There is only one pencil, two books and one cup on the table.

　　Many a time has he given us good advice.

1 rumor   

n.谣言，谣传，传说

参考例句：

• The rumor has been traced back to a bad man.那谣言经追查是个坏人造的。
• The rumor has taken air.谣言流传开了。