英语语法精讲：倒装句

 　近年来试题对倒装的考查一般结合其它语法现象和习惯句型进行。如虚拟语气中条件从句的倒装;no sooner...than，not until等引起的倒装等。

　　热点之一：含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装

　　此类副词有：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等。例如：

　　Not a single word did he say at the meeting.(在会上，他什么也没说。)

　　【原题重现】1.The old couple have been married¹ for 40years and never once ____ with each other.(NMET 2003)

　　A.they had quarreled²

　　B.they have quarreled

　　C.have they quarreled

　　D.had they quarreled(key：C)

　　【简析】本题中关键词是never这一副词，与现在完成时态连用引起部分倒装。

　　【原题重现】2.Not a single song ____ at yesterday's party.(2001上海)

　　A.she sang B.sang she

　　C.did she sing D.she did sing

　　(key：C)

　　【简析】本题是否定副词not与一般过去时态共同形成的部分倒装。

　　热点之二：含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装

　　此类连接词有：not only...but also，neither...nor...，no sooner...than，scarcely...when，hardly...when等。请看例句：

　　No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.(她一出门电话就响了。)

　　【原题重现】3.Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it.(2002上海春)

　　A.the teacher himself is;all his students are

　　B.the teacher himself is ;are all his students

　　C.is the teacher himself ;are all his students

　　D.is the teacher himself ;all his students are(key：D)

　　【简析】包含not only...but(also)结构的句子，如果not only置于句首，not only所在句子要形成部分倒装，but(also)后面的句子不要倒装。

　　热点之三：搞清so(nor ，neither)+助动词+主语与so(nor ，neither)+主语+助动词之间的区别

　　前者表示重复前句部分的内容，译为“也是如此”。而后者表示对前句内容的进一步肯定或证实，译为“确实如此”。例如：

　　Lily can't answer the question.Neither can I.(莉莉不能回答这个问题。我也不能。)

　　Tom was late for school yesterday.So he was.(汤姆昨天上学迟到了。他确实如此。)

　　【原题重现】4.—David has made great progress recently.

　　—____，and ____.(1997上海)

　　A.So he has;so you have

　　B.So he has;so have you

　　C.So has he;so have you

　　D.So has he;so you have(key：B)

　　【简析】前半部分意为“他的确如此”，对以上事实进一步肯定;后半部分意为“你也是如此”，属于部分倒装。

　　热点之四：省略if的虚拟条件句以had /were /should开头引起的部分倒装

　　这是虚拟语气中比较特殊的一种，其实质就是省略if后引起的变化。如：

　　Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams.(要是他努力学习的话，他是会通过考试的。)

　　【原题重现】5.____ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to see the films so often.(1995上海)

　　A.If it is not B.Were it not

　　C.Had it not been

　　D.If they were not(key：C)

　　【简析】在虚拟语气中表达与过去事实相反的假设，主句用would have +过去分词，从句用had +过去分词，省略If后就将助动词had提前引起部分倒装。

　　热点之五：not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装

　　not until意为“直到……才……”，位于句首时引起后面的主句倒装。如：

　　Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.(直到老师来了他才完成作业。)

　　【原题重现】6.Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET1995)

　　A.did the villagers³ realize

　　B.the villagers realize

　　C.the villagers did realize

　　D.didn't the villagers realize(key：A)

　　【简析】本题便是not until置于句首引起的部分倒装。

　　热点之六：only短语置于句首引起的部分倒装

　　only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，常引起后面句子部分倒装。如：

　　Only in this way can you learn English well.(只有通过这种方式，你才能把英语学好。)

　　【原题重现】7.____ can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001春)

　　A.With hard work B.Although work hard

　　C.Only with hard work

　　D.Now that he works⁴ hard(key：C)

　　【简析】only位于句首与介词短语构成了部分倒装，其他选项均不能引起倒装。

　　【原题重现】8.Only in this way ____ to make improvement⁵ in the operating system.(2003上海春)

　　A.you can hope B.you did hope

　　C.can you hope D.did you hope(key：C)

　　【简析】本题中only置于句首修饰介词短语，引起句子部分倒装。因为句意表达的是一种条件，所以使用助动词did不合题意。

　　巩固练习：选择正确答案

　　1.Only in this way ____ progress in your English.

　　A.you make B.can you make

　　C.you be able to make

　　D.will able to make

　　2.Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.

　　A.didn't realize B.did I realize

　　C.I didn't realize D.I realize

　　3.Not only ____ to stay at home，but he was also forbidden⁶ to see his friends.

　　A.he was forcing⁷ B.he was forced⁸

　　C.was he forcing D.was he forced

　　4.Never before ____ seen such a stupid⁹ man.

　　A.am I B.was I C.have I D.shall¹⁰ I

　　5.No sooner ____ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.

　　A.she had fallen B.had she fallen

　　C.she had fall D.had she fell

　　6.She did not do it well，____.

　　A.did she do B.nor did he

　　C.neither did he D.B or C

　　7.____，they would certainly come and help us.

　　A.Had they time B.Did they have time

　　C.Had they have time

　　D.Did they time

　　8.—It was hot yesterday.

　　—____.

　　A.It was so B.So was it

　　C.So it was D.So is it

　　keys : 1—4BBDC 5—8BDAC

1 married   

adj.已婚的；与…结婚的

参考例句：

• I heard John got married.我听说约翰结婚了。
• They got married last autumn.他们在去年秋季结婚。

2 quarreled   

vi.争辩，争吵（quarrel的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The two girls quarreled, but they soon made it up. 这两个女孩子吵了一架，但很快就和好了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These men have quarreled over the price of a load of hay. 这帮人为了一车干草的价钱争吵不休。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 villagers   

n.在乡村住的人，村民( villager的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The powerful lords were guilty of grinding the villagers under their heels. 那些大领主的罪过是以权势欺压村民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war. 在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

5 improvement   

n.改进，增进；改进之处，改善的地方

参考例句：

• The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。
• I can detect signs of improvement in your thinking.我可以察觉出你思考问题方面的进步。

6 forbidden   

adj.不允许的，被禁止的；禁用的v.禁止( forbid的过去分词)

参考例句：

• She was expressly forbidden to touch my papers. 已经明确禁止她动我的文件。
• Photography is strictly forbidden in the museum. 博物馆内严禁摄影。

7 forcing   

adj.强迫的，施加压力的n.强制，强夺v.强制( force的现在分词 )；强作；施强力于；促成早熟

参考例句：

• Setbacks can be a good thing, forcing you out of your complacency. 挫折或许是件好事，它可以迫使你克服自满情绪。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• As strong wind lashed against the sails,forcing the boat to change course. 强风吹顶着风帆，迫使船改变航道。 来自辞典例句

8 forced   

adj.被迫的；强迫的v.强制(force的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The protests have forced the government to back-pedal on the new tax. 抗议活动已迫使政府撤销新的税目。
• The beleaguered party leader was forced to resign. 那位饱受指责的政党领导人被迫辞职。

9 stupid   

adj.愚蠢的，笨拙的，麻木的，无趣味的；n.傻瓜

参考例句：

• The boy is too stupid.那个男孩太笨了。
• He must be really stupid.那他一定很傻。

10 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？