英语语法之反意疑问句的用法

 　　1)当陈述句的主语为anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they。

　　如:

　　everybody knows what I said, don’t they?

　　Nobody says a word about the incident¹, don’t they?

　　Somebody borrowed your bike yesterday, didn’t they?

　　Anybody can do it, can’t they?

　　2)当陈述句的主语为this, that, everything, anything, nothing, something等时，反意疑问句的主语用it。

　　如:

　　Everything is all right, isn’t it?

　　Nothing can stop us going forward, can it?

　　3)当陈述句的主语为one时, 反意疑问句的主语在正式情况下用one；在非正式情况下用you。

　　如:

　　One should learn from others, shouldn’t one / you?

　　One can’t be one’s own master, can one?

　　One can not be too careful, can one?

　　4)当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better, would rather, would like, ought to时, 反意疑问句的谓语应用相应的助动词。

　　如:

　　You’d better go now, hadn’t you?

　　You’d rather go there early, wouldn’t you?

　　He’d like to go there, wouldn’t he?

　　She ought to go there by train, shouldn’t / oughtn’t she?

　　Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?

　　He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

　　5)当陈述句的谓语是wish时, 反意疑问句的谓语用may, 而且前后两个部分都用肯定式。

　　如:

　　I wish to go home now, may I?

　　I wish to have another piece of cake, may I?

　　6)当陈述句的谓语部分含有have to, had to时, 反意疑问句的谓语部分用do的适当形式。

　　如:

　　We have to get there at 8 o’clock tomorrow, don’t we?

　　They had to take the early train to go there, didn’t they?

　　7)当陈述句的谓语部分含有used to时, 反意疑问句的谓语部分有两种表达方式didn’t / usedn’t。

　　如:

　　He used to get up early, didn’t / usedn’t he?

　　8)当陈述句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, fancy², imagine, expect，后接宾语从句时, 反意疑问句应对宾语从句进行提问。

　　如:

　　I don’t think he can finish the work, can he?

　　I don’t expect that she would come, would she?

　　I imagine that the students like her, don’t they?

　　I don’t believe she knows it, does she?

　　9)当陈述句的主语是第二，第三人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, fancy, imagine, expect后接宾语从句时, 反意疑问句应对主句进行提问。

　　如:

　　Mary thinks you will come to the meeting, doesn’t she?

　　You don’t think English is important, do you?

　　You think she is a good teacher, don’t you?

　　Your brother thinks that you can do the job well, doesn’t he?

　　10)如果陈述句中出现了表示否定意义的词few, little, never, hardly, seldom, nobody, rarely³, scarcely⁴时, 反意疑问句的谓语用肯定式。

　　如:

　　He has few good reasons for staying, has he? She hardly writes to you, does she? He seldom goes to the cinema, does he? There is little water in the bottle, is there?

　　11)祈使句的各种反意疑问句：

　　a). Let’s …, shall we? E.g. Let’s go to the film, shall we?

　　b). Let us … , will you? E.g. Let us go to the park, will you?

　　c). Let me … , may I / will you / OK / all right?

　　如:

　　Let me go there alone, may I? / will you?

　　If you want help-money or anything, let me know, will you?

　　d). 在否定的祈使句的后面，只能用will you?

　　如:

　　Don’t tell anyone, will you?

　　e). 表示 “请求” 意思的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you?

　　如:

　　Pass me the dictionary, will you? Stop that noise, will you?

　　f). 表示 “邀请”, “劝诱” 意思的祈使句，反意疑问句用won’t you?

　　如:

　　Join us in the singing, won’t you?

　　12. 陈述句中谓语动词是must + have + 动词的过去分词时，如果强调对过去情况的推测, 依据是(句中有过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句根据动词用didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t +主语。

　　如:You must have read the story last term, didn’t you?

　　He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?

　　13. 陈述句中谓语动词是must + have + 动词的过去分词时，如果只强调动作的完成，反意疑问句用haven’t / hasn’t +主语。

　　如:

　　She must have arrived there, hasn’t she?

　　You must have seen the film, haven’t you?

　　14)陈述句中谓语动词是must + 动词原形的情况：

　　如:

　　You must see the doctor, needn’t you?

　　You mustn’t do that again, must you?

　　The food must be nice, isn’t it?

　　15)当陈述句的主语为each时, 反意疑问句的主语用he。

　　如:Each has his strong points, hasn’t he? / doesn’t he?

　　16)当陈述句的主语为each of us, each of you, each of them时, 反意疑问句的主语用we, you, they。

　　如:

　　Each of us has been here, haven’t we?

　　Each of them has an English dictionary, haven’t they?

　　17. 并列句的反意疑问句谓语的时态，要求和后一个句子的时态保持一致.

　　如:

　　It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet, isn’t it?

　　Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but she hasn’t finish now, hasn’t she?

　　We must start at once or we can’t get there on time, can we?

　　He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher, is she?

　　18. 带有定语从句，同位语从句，状语从句，宾语从句的复合句，反意疑问句与主句在时态上保持一致。

　　如:

　　She is not so stupid as she looks, is she? Lucy dreamed that she was in the moon, didn’t she?

　　19. 陈述句主语为such时，反意疑问句的主语单数用it，复数用they。

　　如:

　　Such is his trick, isn’t it? Such are your excuses, aren’t they?

　　20. 当陈述句的主语为each of … 结构时，反意疑问句的主语用he ,she, it 强调个体, 用we, you, they 强调全体。

　　如:

　　Each of these novels is to be discussed this term, isn’t it?

　　Each of us have got the prize, haven’t we?

　　21. 当陈述句是I am … 结构时，反意疑问句用aren’t I。

　　如:

　　I am right, aren’t I? I am late, aren’t I?

　　22.如果陈述句中的否定式仅仅是带有否定的词缀，反意疑问句仍用否定。

　　如:

　　He is unfit⁵ for his job, isn’t he?

　　That’s unfair, isn’t it?

　　23.当陈述句部分是there used to be … 结构时, 反意疑问句用 wasn’t (weren’t) there。

　　如:

　　There used to be three pine trees in the yard, weren’t there?

　　There used to be shop at the corner of the street, wasn’t there?

　　24.陈述句中谓语动词是may / might 时，反意疑问句用mayn’t / mightn’t构成。

　　如:

　　I may come and borrow your bike tomorrow, mayn’t I?

　　The experience may have been long in your memory, mayn’t it?

1 incident   

n.附带事件，小事件；事件，事变；adj.易发生的；附属的；入射的

参考例句：

• With the passage of time the incident was forgotten.随着时间的消逝，那个事件被忘却了。
• The incident had left him visibly angry and upset.那起事件显然让他既恼火又心烦。

2 fancy   

n.想像力，幻想；喜好，爱；adj.想像的，时髦的，华丽装饰的，奢侈的；技巧的；vt.想象，自认为，喜好

参考例句：

• He seemed to have taken quite a fancy to her.他似乎相当喜欢她。
• I have a fancy that it's going to rain.我想大概要下雨。

3 rarely   

adv.很少，难得；非常地，非凡地

参考例句：

• Such fish is rarely met with in the north country.这种鱼在北方难得看到。
• He rarely comes here anymore.现在他难得来这儿了。

4 scarcely   

adv.几乎不，简直没有，勉强

参考例句：

• He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味，简直无法忍受。
• She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。

5 unfit   

adj.不适当的，不胜任的，不健全的；vt.使不相宜，使不合格

参考例句：

• He is physically unfit for this kind of work.他干这种工作身体不行。
• You look very unfit.你看上去体格不佳。