英文药品说明书的写法（八）

 　　“注意事项”也是药品说明书中的重要内容之一。为了安全用药，厂商在本项中特别强调应注意的事项，其中主要包括：正确的剂量和用法，超过剂量时的应急措施，用药对象，可能出现的较严重的副作用及治疗方案，药物的配伍，药液的配制、使用及保管等、方面的注意事项。现就本项内容详细介绍如下：

　　1. 本项常用的英语表示法：

　　Precaution（s） 注意事项 Special note（caution， precaution）特别注意

　　Caution（s） 注意事项 N.B. 注意

　　Noto 注意 Warning（s） 警告

　　有时也用：

　　Important 重要事项 Important for the patients 患者须知

　　2. 本项中常见的检查项目：

　　blood count 血细胞汁数 Kidney （renal） function 肾功能

　　blood picture（hemogram） 血象 Liver（hepatic）function 肝功

　　blood level 血浓度 serum¹ concentration 血清浓度

　　blood pressure 血压 serum creatinine test 血清肌酸酐检验

　　clotting² time 凝血时间 urine routine（examination） 尿常规

　　creatinine clearance³ 肌酸酐清除率

　　3. 本项的特点是内容长短不一，有难有易；词汇量大，涉及面广，既有普通词汇，也有大量的专业词汇及编写词。许多词汇、结构和句型可在药理作用、适应症、禁忌症、剂量和用法、副作用，贮藏等项中见到。从英语结构上分析，句型变化较多，长句、难句也屡屡出现，是比较难读的一个项目。

　　例1 Warnings and precautions： Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders⁴ and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS side-effects.

　　警告和注意事项：癫痫病人及有中枢神经系统病史的患者慎用环丙沙星，仅当认为疗效超过可能产生的中枢神经系统副作用的危险时才可使用。

　　例2 Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary， particularly in conjunction with alcohol.

　　环丙沙星能损害人们驾驶汽车或操纵机器的能力，尤其是在饮酒之后。

　　例3 Warnings： Vepeside should be administered under the supervision⁵ of a qualified⁶ physicain experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

　　警告：泛必治应该在使用治疗癌症的化疗制剂方面有经验、有资格的医生的监护下使用。

　　例4 The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium⁷ warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently， necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity⁸ and the duration of anticoagulant therapy.

　　用华注林钠进行抗凝治疗产生的最严重的危险就是组织或器官出血，以及不大常出现的皮肤和其他组织的坏死和（或）坏疽。出血的危险与抗凝治疗的药物浓度（水平）及疗程长短有关。

　　例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50，000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold⁹ further therapy until the blood counts have sufficiently¹⁰ recovered.

　　血小板数低于50，000／mm3 或绝对中性白细胞数低于500／mm3 ，表明不能继续使用本品治疗，待白细胞计教充分恢复后才能继续用药。

　　例6 Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation.

　　当怀疑华法林治疗引起坏死时，则须停止治疗，并且考虑使用肝素治疗。

　　例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time（PT） or other suitable coagulation¹¹ tests.

　　必须定期检查凝血酶原时间（PT），或做其他相应的凝血试验来控制剂量。

　　例8 Please note Cerebral¹² convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration， these examinations are nevertheless performed， all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand.

　　请注意：脑惊厥被认为相对禁止进行蛛网膜下腔检查，如经谨慎考虑后、仍要进行这些检查时。必须事先备妥应付可能发生惊厥所需的所有设备与药品。

　　例9 Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media， latent hyperthyroidism and bland¹³ nodular goitre.

　　对碘造影剂过敏、隐匿性甲状腺亢进和轻微甲状腺肿的病例，应慎重。

　　例10 Caution Alcohol intake¹⁴ may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months of pregnancy¹⁵ drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25.C！ Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided， even for bried periods！ Do not force canister open， even when empty！

　　注意：饮酒可增强硝酸盐的作用、偶尔引起低血压，继而损害反应力。妊娠三个月时，只有在监护医生明确指导下才可使用本品。异舒吉喷雾剂的贮存温度不应超过25℃！避免超过40℃。即使短时间也不可！不要用力开罐，即使空罐时也不可用力开！勿使儿童接触本品

　　例11 As with all new drugs， patients should be followed carefully so that any side-effects or unusual manifestations¹⁶ of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic¹⁷ reaction to Keflex occurs， the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents.

　　像使用所有新药一样，应细心地随访患者，以便观察任何副作用或药物特异反应。如果出现对头抱菌素IV的过敏反应，应停药，并用常规药物治疗患者。

　　例12 In patients with normal renal function， chronic¹⁸ hypercalcemia may be associated with an increase in serum creatinine. While this is usually reversible， It is important in such patients to pay careful attention to those factors which may lead to hypercalcemia.

　　对于肾功能正常的患者，慢性高钙血症可能与血清肌酸酐增多有关。这通常虽然是可逆的，然而对这样的病人，密切注意可能导致血钙过多的各种因素是很重要的。

　　例13 Precautions 一Avoid the concomitant use， in the absence of special monitoring laboratory of parameters¹⁹， of anticoagulants or aspirin²⁰. 一Inform the attending physician in the event of bleeding or of the occurence of a hematoma.

　　注意事项：在无化验室参考指标的专门监测情况下，避免与抗凝剂或阿司匹林合用。如发生出血或出现血肿，应通知主治医生。 医学教.育网搜集

　　例14 Periodical examination of hepatic or renal function and blood picture is desirable since Kedacillin may increase SGOT. SGPT and BUN， and decrease erythrocyte and leucocyte²¹.

　　磺苄青霉素钠可使血清谷-草转氨酶，血清谷-丙转氨酶和血液尿素氮增高，使红细胞和白细胞减少。所以最好要定期检查肝、肾功能和血象。

　　例15 N.B.Transference from insuline to Glutril may be attempted in case of maturity-onset diabetes²² with obesity；dosage is based upon the result of the necessarily frequent metablic tests.

　　注意：伴有肥胖症的成年型糖尿病患者，可试从胰岛素改用格路特利治疗，剂量应以必须经常进行的代谢试验为依据。

1 serum   

n.浆液，血清，乳浆

参考例句：

• The serum is available to the general public.一般公众均可获得血清。
• Untreated serum contains a set of 11 proteins called complement.未经处理的血清含有一组蛋白质，共11种，称为补体。

2 clotting   

v.凝固( clot的现在分词 )；烧结

参考例句：

• The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。 来自互联网
• A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。 来自互联网

3 clearance   

n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理

参考例句：

• There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
• The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。

4 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

6 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

7 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

8 intensity   

n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
• The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

9 withhold   

v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡

参考例句：

• It was unscrupulous of their lawyer to withhold evidence.他们的律师隐瞒证据是不道德的。
• I couldn't withhold giving some loose to my indignation.我忍不住要发泄一点我的愤怒。

10 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

11 coagulation   

n.凝固；凝结物

参考例句：

• Blood becomes stickier to help coagulation in case of a cut.割伤的时候，血液会变得更为黏稠以助于凝结。
• Man has been intrigued with blood coagulation.人类一直对血凝感兴趣。

12 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。

13 bland   

adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的

参考例句：

• He eats bland food because of his stomach trouble.他因胃病而吃清淡的食物。
• This soup is too bland for me.这汤我喝起来偏淡。

14 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

15 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

16 manifestations   

n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式）

参考例句：

• These were manifestations of the darker side of his character. 这些是他性格阴暗面的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• To be wordly-wise and play safe is one of the manifestations of liberalism. 明哲保身是自由主义的表现之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 allergic   

adj.过敏的，变态的

参考例句：

• Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
• Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏，比如花粉。

18 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

19 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

20 aspirin   

n.阿司匹林

参考例句：

• The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
• She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。

21 leucocyte   

n.白细胞

参考例句：

• The main energy producing pathway in the leucocyte is glycolysis,resulting in lactate production from glucose.糖酵解，即从葡萄糖生成乳酸盐，是白细胞产生能量的主要途径。
• The increased leucocyte count is related to degree of infarction.白细胞计数的升高与梗死程度相关。

22 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。