英语翻译：国务院新闻办公室文件——中国核应急7

 　　VIII.International Cooperation and Exchangesin the Field of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness核应急国际合作与交流

　　As a member state of the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA), China has always been, alongwith the other members, dedicated¹ to promotingthe development of an international nuclear safetyemergency system and the sharing of achievementsresulting from the peaceful use of nuclear energy,and unswervingly supports and facilitatesinternational cooperation and exchange in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness.China has launched multi-level and all-round cooperation in respect of nuclear emergencypreparedness with international organizations, including the IAEA, and is stepping upcollaboration and exchange in the field of nuclear emergencies with relevant countries.

　　中国是国际原子能机构成员国，始终致力于同各国一道推动建立国际核安全应急体系，促进各国共享和平利用核能事业成果，坚定不移支持和推进核应急领域国际合作与交流。中国与国际原子能机构等国际组织在核应急领域开展多层次、全方位合作，与世界有关国家核应急领域合作与交流不断拓展。

　　Actively³ acceding⁴ to relevant international conventions. As a permanent member of the UNSecurity Council and a member of the Board of Governors of the IAEA, China lays great store byintegrating itself into the international nuclear safety emergency system. Since joining theIAEA in 1984, China has acceded⁵ to a number of international conventions, including theConvention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency,Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Convention on the Physical Protection ofNuclear Material, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Convention on NuclearSafety, and International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. Underthese conventions, China has always been committed to playing a constructive⁶ role inpromoting the establishment of a peaceful, cooperative and mutually beneficialinternational nuclear safety emergency system in tandem⁷ with other countries.

　　积极加入相关国际公约。中国作为联合国常任理事国、国际原子能机构理事国，高度重视融入国际核安全应急体系。自1984年加入国际原子能机构以来，先后加入《核事故或辐射紧急情况援助公约》《及早通报核事故公约》《核材料实物保护公约》《不扩散核武器条约》《核安全公约》《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》等国际公约。在这些公约机制内，中国始终致力于同各国一道推动建立和平、合作、共赢的国际核安全应急体系，充分发挥建设性作用。

　　Actively fulfilling international obligations regarding nuclear emergency preparedness. Chinasupports the IAEA's leading role in the fields of promoting nuclear energy and nucleartechnology applications, strengthening nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness, andimplementing safeguard supervision⁸. China actively undertakes the international obligationsset out in the relevant international conventions, and responds to each initiative put forwardby the Board of Governors and General Conference of the IAEA. Chinese delegations¹⁰ haveattended all conferences on nuclear emergency preparedness and nuclear safety conventionobligation compliance¹¹ organized by the IAEA, and submitted national reports on nuclearemergency preparedness and compliance with nuclear safety obligations, taking a responsibleattitude. China has also, on numerous occasions, participated in exercises sponsored by theIAEA within the framework of the conventions. In addition, China has made contributions inthe field of nuclear emergency preparedness to the whole world by recommending hundreds ofChinese experts and scholars in this field to participate in the work of the IAEA. In May 2014China joined the International Nuclear Emergency Response and Assistance Network – an act ofsupport for the construction of the international nuclear emergency preparedness network.

　　积极履行核应急国际义务。中国支持国际原子能机构在促进核能与核技术应用、加强核安全、加强核应急、实施保障监督等领域发挥主导作用。中国积极履行有关国际公约规定的国际义务，响应国际原子能机构理事会、大会提出的各项倡议。中国代表团出席了历次国际原子能机构组织的核应急主管当局会议和核安全公约履约大会，负责任地提交核应急、核安全履约国家报告。多次参加国际原子能机构组织的公约演习活动。推荐中国核应急领域的专家学者数百人次参加国际原子能机构开展的工作，为全球核应急领域合作献计献策。2014年5月，中国加入“国际核应急响应与援助网络”，为国际社会核应急体系建设提供支持。

　　Actively conducting bilateral¹² exchanges. Since 1984, China has successively entered intobilateral agreements on nuclear energy cooperation with 30 countries, including Brazil,Argentina, the UK, the US, ROK, Russia and France, and conducted cooperation andexchange which include nuclear emergency preparedness. China and the US have cooperatedon the construction of the Center of Nuclear Security Excellence¹³ in China as a forum¹⁴ fortechnical exchange on nuclear security within the region and the rest of the world. Under theframework of the Sino-US agreement on the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the ChinaAtomic Energy Authority (CAEA) and the US Department of Energy have jointly¹⁶ upheld anumber of training activities, including a nuclear emergency medical rescue training programand a nuclear emergency consequence evaluation¹⁷ workshop. The Sino-Russian Sub-commission for Nuclear Issues was established within the framework of the Sino-RussianPrime Ministerial Regular Meeting, by which both sides conduct exchanges and cooperation inthe field of nuclear emergency preparedness on a regular basis. Furthermore, China has beeninvolved in relevant activities on a regular basis with France and ROK, establishing the Sino-French Commission on Nuclear Energy Cooperation and Coordination¹⁸ with France and Sino-Korean Joint¹⁵ Commission on Nuclear Energy Cooperation with ROK, respectively. In addition toassisting Pakistan in building nuclear power stations, China has conducted extensivecooperation and exchanges with that country in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness.

　　积极开展双边交流。1984年以来，中国先后与巴西、阿根廷、英国、美国、韩国、俄罗斯、法国等30个国家签订双边核能合作协定，开展包括核应急在内的合作与交流。中国同美国合作在华建设核安保示范中心，为地区乃至国际核安保技术交流合作提供平台。在中美和平利用核能协定框架下，中国国家原子能机构与美国能源部联合举办核应急医学救援培训班、核应急后果评价研讨班等多种培训活动。在中俄总理定期会晤框架内设立中俄核问题分委会机制，定期研讨交流核应急领域合作与交流事宜。中国与法国建立中法核能合作协调委员会机制，与韩国建立中韩核能合作联委会机制，定期开展相关活动。中国援助巴基斯坦建设核电站，在核应急领域开展广泛深入的合作交流。

　　Actively expanding multilateral cooperation. China conducts cooperation and exchangewith other countries in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness, pursuing results that arebeneficial to all involved. Chinese heads of state have appealed to the world community tostrengthen nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness management, enhancenuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness capabilities¹⁹ and boost the confidence ofall peoples in achieving permanent nuclear security and the goal of nuclear energy benefitingmankind, at the 2010 Washington Nuclear Security Summit, 2012 Seoul Nuclear SecuritySummit and 2014 Hague Nuclear Security Summit. The CAEA and IAEA have organizedvarious forms of exchanges and cooperation, including “Nuclear Emergency Preparedness andResponse under Circumstances of Severe Nuclear Accidents” training sessions for the Asia-Pacific Region held in July 2014 in China's Fujian, which served as a platform for exchangesamong experts from 11 countries and regions. InOctober 2015, China shared its achievementsin nuclear emergency preparedness and response with around 90 participating countries and adozen international organizations, and briefed them China's policies concerning nuclearemergency preparedness at the First International Conference on Global Nuclear EmergencyPreparation and Response. China plays an active role in regional exchange and cooperationthrough such mechanisms²¹ as the Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN), Forum for NuclearCooperation in Asia and Cooperation Agreement on Nuclear Technology in the Asia-PacificRegion. In January 2004, China officially joined the Radiation Emergency Medical Preparednessand Assistance Network of the World Health Organization (REMPAN). China itself hassuccessively upheld international academic exchange activities in the field of nuclearemergency preparedness. China, Japan and ROK have established a framework of earlynotification of nuclear accidents and a mechanism²⁰ of expert exchange for cooperation andexchange in the relevant fields on a regular basis.

　　积极拓展多边合作。中国坚持合作共赢原则，与各国开展核应急领域合作与交流。中国国家领导人先后出席2010年华盛顿核安全峰会、2012年首尔核安全峰会、2014年海牙核安全峰会，呼吁国际社会加强核安全应急管理、提升核安全应急能力、增强各国人民对实现持久核安全、对核能事业造福人类的信心。中国国家原子能机构以各种形式与国际原子能机构开展交流与合作，2014年7月，在福建举办“严重核事故下核应急准备与响应”亚太地区培训班，为11个国家和地区的专家提供交流平台;2015年10月，在首次全球核应急准备与响应大会上，中国与90多个与会国家和10多个国际组织共同分享核应急准备与响应的成就，介绍中国核应急方针政策。中国通过亚洲核安全网络、亚洲核合作论坛、亚太地区核技术合作协定等机制，在地区合作交流中积极发挥作用。中国于2004年1月正式加入世界卫生组织辐射应急医学准备与救援网络。中国持续举办核应急领域国际学术交流活动。中日韩建立核事故及早通报框架和专家交流机制，定期开展相关领域合作与交流。

　　Actively carrying out cooperation and exchange in response to the Fukushima nuclearaccident. As a close neighbor of Japan, China was especially concerned about the Fukushimanuclear accident. It immediately activated²² its nuclear emergency preparedness and responsemechanism and countermeasures, while expressing willingness to the Japanese governmentto offer radiation monitoring and medical aid by fulfilling its international obligations under theConvention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. In May2011, at the invitation of the Japanese government, China organized a delegation⁹ of expertsto visit Japan to conduct focused exchanges with their Japanese counterparts on the Fukushimanuclear accident, and put forward suggestions for the handling of it. Furthermore, Chinadispatched senior experts to join the IAEA's Fukushima Nuclear Accident Assessment²³ Team toevaluate the impact from the Fukushima accident. In the past four years or so since theFukushima nuclear accident, Chinese government organs, enterprises and institutions, collegesand universities and R&D institutes have conducted various forms of collaboration² withinternational organizations in summing up and discussing important issues in relation to post-Fukushima nuclear emergency preparedness. These activities not only have helped Chinaimprove its nuclear emergency work, but also have helped the international community inaccessing experience feedback from the Fukushima nuclear accident.

　　积极开展应对福岛核事故合作交流。中国是日本的近邻，对福岛核事故尤为关切。在第一时间启动核应急响应机制、开展本国应对工作的同时，积极履行《核事故或辐射紧急情况援助公约》国际义务，向日本政府表明提供辐射监测、医疗救护等援助的意愿。2011年5月，应日本政府邀请，中国组织专家代表团赴日本，就福岛核事故进行交流，提出处置意见建议。中国还选派权威专家参加国际原子能机构福岛核事故评估团，开展福岛核事故影响评估。福岛核事故发生后四年多来，中国政府机关、企事业单位、大专院校、科研院所，以各种形式与国际组织合作，总结探讨后福岛时代核应急领域重大问题。这些合作交流活动，既促进了中国核应急的改进提高，也促进了国际社会对福岛核事故的经验反馈。

　　Actively responding to the IAEA's Action Plan on Nuclear Safety. The IAEA published the ActionPlan on Nuclear Safety in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident to serve as reference forall countries in improving their respective nuclear emergency work. Consulting the new criteriaand concepts, China has comprehensively improved its nuclear emergency preparation andresponse mechanism by enhancing supervision and technical support for national nuclearsafety and nuclear emergency preparedness, conducting inspections²⁵ on nuclear emergency workof all operators of nuclear installations, perfecting emergency measures in accordance with thenew criteria²⁴ and strengthening top-tier design and planning to establish a robust²⁶ nuclearemergency preparedness capabilities system. China is endeavoring to upgrade its nuclearemergency work to a new level by persisting in using state-of-the-art technology, upholding themost rigorous criteria and enforcing nuclear emergency management in a comprehensivemanner.

　　积极响应国际原子能机构核安全行动计划。福岛核事故后，国际原子能机构发布《核安全行动计划》，为国际社会改进核应急工作提供借鉴。中国参考新的标准和理念，全面改进国家核应急准备与响应工作;充实增加国家核安全核应急监管力量和技术支持力量;全面检查所有核设施营运单位核应急工作，按照新的标准完善应急措施;加强顶层设计，进行统筹规划，建立健全核应急能力体系。中国坚持采用最先进的技术、执行最严格的标准，全面提升核应急管理，努力把核应急提高到新水平。

　　Conclusion

　　结束语

　　China will continue to press forward with the development of nuclear energy as an importantstrategic choice for promoting economic and social development in line with the ideas ofinnovation, coordination, greening, openness and shared development. As long as Chinacontinues to develop nuclear energy, it will never relent in its efforts to further strengthen itsnuclear emergency preparedness. China will spare no effort to improve this work on acontinuing basis to provide a robust bulwark²⁷ in support of the safe, efficient, sustainable andhealthy development of the nuclear energy sector²⁸.

　　贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念，坚定不移推进核能事业发展，是中国的重要战略选择。发展核能事业的步伐不停止，加强核应急的步伐就不会停止。中国将不断加强和改进核应急工作，为核能事业安全高效、持续健康发展提供坚强保障。

　　In future, while adhering to the concept of overall national security and the nuclear safetyconcept of rational, coordinated²⁹ and tandem development, China will take multiple andcomprehensive measures to enhance its nuclear safety emergency capabilities and ensure itsnuclear emergency preparedness at all times. China will continue to place equal emphasis ondevelopment and safety, and develop nuclear energy on the premise³⁰ of safety, strengthencoordinated improvement in nuclear emergency preparedness and nuclear energydevelopment to ensure that each and every action item of nuclear emergency preparedness isfully implemented³¹. China will persist in matching capacity to demand, meet the requirementsof nuclear energy development in terms of situation and tasks, continuously enhance itsnational nuclear emergency capabilities, and ensure that its nuclear emergency response istimely and effective. Meanwhile, China will persist in domestic and international exchangeby continuing to deepen international cooperation in respect of nuclear emergencypreparedness to promote the establishment of an international nuclear safety emergencypreparedness system with an eye to the future, and share with the international community itsachievements in the peaceful use of nuclear energy. China will persist in giving equal attentionto present and long-term development, keep in perspective the megatrends of nuclear energydevelopment at home and abroad, plan nuclear emergency preparedness in a forward-lookingmanner, and ensure that efforts in respect of planning, preparation and prevention are madein advance so that we can always take the initiative in case of any emergencies.

　　在未来，中国将坚持总体国家安全观和理性、协调、并进的核安全观，多措并举，综合施策，不断增强核安全应急能力，扎实做好核应急工作。坚持发展与安全并重，以安全为前提发展核能事业，使核应急与核能发展协调并进;坚持能力与需求匹配，适应核能事业发展要求，不断提升核应急能力，确保核应急响应及时有效;坚持国内与国际交流，继续深化核应急领域国际合作，推进建立面向未来的国际核安全应急体系，国际社会共享和平利用核能事业成果;坚持当前与长远兼顾，着眼中国和世界核能事业发展大势，前瞻谋划核应急工作，确保筹划在先、准备在先、预防在先，增强主动性、掌握主动权。

　　China cannot develop in isolation³² from the rest of the world, nor can the world enjoy prosperitywithout China. China will take an active part in constructing an international nuclear safetyemergency system, and join hands with the nations of the rest of the world to tackle theimportant issues facing nuclear emergency preparedness. China has the confidence and abilityto enhance its nuclear emergency preparedness and responses to realize permanent nuclearsafety and achieve the goal of nuclear energy benefiting mankind.

　　中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展也离不开中国。中国将积极参与构建国际核安全应急体系，与国际社会一道，共同解决核应急领域面临的重大课题。中国有信心、有能力不断提升核应急准备与响应水平，为实现持久核安全、实现核能事业造福人类作出贡献。

 

1 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

2 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

3 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

4 acceding   

v.（正式）加入( accede的现在分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职

参考例句：

• After all, political careers depend acceding tothe demands the central government. 毕竟政治事业是要满足中央政府的要求的。 来自互联网
• Shall you have any problem acceding the folders, please let me knows. 如果存取文件有任何问题请和我联系。 来自互联网

5 acceded   

v.（正式）加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职

参考例句：

• He acceded to demands for his resignation. 他同意要他辞职的要求。
• They have acceded to the treaty. 他们已经加入了那个条约。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 constructive   

adj.建设的，建设性的

参考例句：

• We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
• He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。

7 tandem   

n.同时发生；配合；adv.一个跟着一个地；纵排地；adj.（两匹马）前后纵列的

参考例句：

• Malcolm's contract will run in tandem with his existing one.马尔科姆的合同将与他手头的合同同时生效。
• He is working in tandem with officials of the Serious Fraud Office.他正配合欺诈重案办公室的官员工作。

8 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

9 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

10 delegations   

n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派

参考例句：

• In the past 15 years, China has sent 280 women delegations abroad. 十五年来，中国共派280批妇女代表团出访。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The Sun Ray decision follows the federal pattern of tolerating broad delegations but insisting on safeguards. “阳光”案的判决仿效联邦容许广泛授权的做法，但又坚持保护措施。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

11 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

12 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

13 excellence   

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

• His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
• My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

14 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

15 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

16 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

17 evaluation   

n.估价，评价；赋值

参考例句：

• I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
• The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。

18 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

19 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

20 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

21 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 activated   

adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。

23 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

24 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

25 inspections   

n.检查( inspection的名词复数 )；检验；视察；检阅

参考例句：

• Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
• Government inspections ensure a high degree of uniformity in the standard of service. 政府检查确保了在服务标准方面的高度一致。 来自《简明英汉词典》

26 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

27 bulwark   

n.堡垒，保障，防御

参考例句：

• That country is a bulwark of freedom.那个国家是自由的堡垒。
• Law and morality are the bulwark of society.法律和道德是社会的防御工具。

28 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

29 coordinated   

adj.协调的

参考例句：

• The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

30 premise   

n.前提；v.提论，预述

参考例句：

• Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
• We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。

31 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

32 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。