中美元首气候变化联合声明(双语)

 　　中美元首气候变化联合声明(双语)

　　U.S.-China Joint¹ Presidential Statement on Climate Change

　　中美元首气候变化联合声明

　　September 25, 2015, Washington D.C.

　　2015年9月25日于华盛顿特区

　　1. In November 2014, President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping stood together in Beijing to make a historic U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change, emphasizing their personal commitment to a successful climate agreement in Paris and marking a new era of multilateral climate diplomacy² as well as a new pillar in their bilateral³ relationship. On the occasion of President Xi’s State Visit to Washington, D.C., the two Presidents reaffirm their shared conviction that climate change is one of the greatest threats facing humanity and that their two countries have a critical role to play in addressing it. The two Presidents also reaffirm their determination to move ahead decisively to implement⁴ domestic climate policies, to strengthen bilateral coordination⁵ and cooperation, and to promote sustainable development and the transition to green, low-carbon, and climate-resilient economies.

　　一、习近平主席和贝拉克·奥巴马总统于2014年11月在北京一起发表了历史性的中美气候变化联合声明，突出表明两位元首致力于在巴黎达成一项成功的气候协议，标志着多边气候外交的新时代和两国双边关系的新支柱。值此习近平主席到华盛顿进行国事访问之际，两国元首重申坚信气候变化是人类面临的最重大挑战之一，两国在应对这一挑战中具有重要作用。两国元首还重申坚定推进落实国内气候政策、加强双边协调与合作并推动可持续发展和向绿色、低碳、气候适应型经济转型的决心。

　　Vision for the Paris Climate Conference:

　　巴黎气候大会展望

　　2. The two Presidents reaffirm the U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change of November 12, 2014. Recalling the Durban mandate⁶ to adopt a protocol⁷, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties, they strengthen their resolve to work together and with others toward an ambitious, successful Paris outcome that furthers the implementation⁸ of the objective of the Convention, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal.

　　二、中美两国元首重申2014年11月12日发表的中美气候变化联合声明。两国元首忆及关于达成一项在公约下适用于所有缔约方的议定书、其他法律文书或具有法律效力的议定成果的德班授权，坚定决心携手并与其他国家一道努力，达成一项富有雄心、圆满成功的巴黎成果，在考虑2℃以内全球温度目标的同时，推进落实公约目标。

　　3. They reaffirm their commitment to reach an ambitious agreement in 2015 that reflects the principle of common but differentiated⁹ responsibilities and respective capabilities¹⁰, in light of different national circumstances. They further consider that differentiation¹¹ should be reflected in relevant elements of the agreement in an appropriate manner.

　　三、两国元首重申致力于达成富有雄心的2015年协议，体现共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则，考虑到不同国情。双方进一步认为应以恰当方式在协议相关要素中体现“有区别”。

　　4. Both sides support the inclusion in the Paris outcome of an enhanced transparency system to build mutual¹² trust and confidence and promote effective implementation including through reporting and review of action and support in an appropriate manner. It should provide flexibility¹³ to those developing countries that need it in light of their capacities.

　　四、双方支持巴黎成果中包含有强化的透明度体系，以建立相互间的信任和信心，并包括通过恰当方式对行动和支持进行报告和审评以促进成果的有效实施。该体系应为依能力而需要灵活性的发展中国家提供灵活性。

　　5. The United States and China welcome the enhanced actions reflected in the intended nationally determined¹⁴ contributions communicated by each other and by other Parties.

　　五、中美两国欢迎彼此及其他缔约方所通报国家自主贡献中提出的强化行动。

　　6. The two sides recognize that Parties’ mitigation efforts are crucial steps in a longer-range effort needed to transition to green and low-carbon economies and they should move in the direction of greater ambition over time. Further, the United States and China underscore the importance of formulating¹⁵ and making available mid-century strategies for the transition to low-carbon economies, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal. Both sides also emphasize the need for global low-carbon transformation¹⁶ during the course of this century.

　　六、双方认识到缔约方的减排努力是向绿色低碳经济转型所需长期努力的重要步骤，并应于未来持续提高力度。此外，中美双方强调制定和公布考虑2℃以内全球温度目标的本世纪中期低碳经济转型战略至关重要。双方还强调需要在本世纪内进行全球低碳转型。

　　7. Both sides stress the importance of adaptation. The Paris agreement should accord greater prominence¹⁷ and visibility to adaptation, including by recognizing that it is a key component¹⁸ of the long-term global response to climate change, in terms of both preparing for the unavoidable impacts of climate change and enhancing resilience. The agreement should encourage Parties to work at both the national and international levels to build resilience and reduce vulnerability. It should provide for regular, high-level focus on adaptation.

　　七、双方强调适应的重要性。巴黎协议应更加重视和突出适应问题，包括认可适应是全球长期应对气候变化的关键组成部分，既要针对不可避免的气候变化影响做好准备，又要提高适应力。协议应鼓励缔约方在本国和国际层面打造适应力并减少脆弱性。协议应建立对适应问题的常态和高级别关注。

　　8. The two sides reaffirm that, in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, developed countries committed to a goal of mobilizing jointly¹⁹ USD 100 billion a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries and that this funding would come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance. They underscore the importance of continued, robust²⁰ financial support beyond 2020 to help developing countries build low-carbon and climate-resilient societies. They urge continued support by developed countries to developing countries and encourage such support by other countries willing to do so.

　　八、双方重申，在有意义的减缓行动和具备实施透明度的背景下，发达国家承诺到2020年每年联合动员1000亿美元的目标，用以解决发展中国家的需要。该资金将来自各种不同来源，其中既有公共来源也有私营部门来源，既有双边来源也有多边来源，包括替代性资金来源。双方强调，2020年后继续提供强有力的资金支持对于帮助发展中国家建设低碳和气候适应型社会至关重要。双方敦促发达国家继续向发展中国家提供支持，并鼓励其他愿意这样做的国家提供支持。

　　9. The two sides also recognize the crucial role of major technological²¹ advancement²² in the transition to green and low-carbon, climate-resilient and sustainable development and affirm the importance of significant increases in basic research and development in the coming years both within their own economies and globally.

　　九、双方还认识到重大技术进步在向绿色低碳、气候适应型和可持续发展转型中的关键作用，并确认今后几年在各自国内和全球范围内大幅增加基础研发至关重要。

　　Advancing Domestic Climate Action:

　　推进国内气候行动

　　10. The United States and China are committed to achieving their respective post-2020 actions as announced in last November’s Joint Announcement. Since that time, both countries have taken key steps toward implementation and are committing to continue intensifying²³ efforts, which will substantially promote global investment in low-carbon technologies and solutions.

　　十、中美两国都致力于实现去年11月中美气候变化联合声明中宣布的各自2020年后行动目标。从那时起，两国都采取了重要步骤来加以落实，并致力于继续强化努力，这些努力将大大推动对低碳技术和低碳解决方案的全球投资。

　　11. Since last November’s Joint Announcement, the United States has taken major steps to reduce its emissions²⁵, and it is announcing important additional implementation plans today. In August 2015, the United States finalized²⁷ the Clean Power Plan, which will reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector²⁸ to 32% below 2005 levels by 2030. In 2016, the United States will finalize²⁶ a federal plan to implement carbon emission²⁴ standards for power plants in states that do not choose to design their own implementation plans under the Clean Power Plan. The United States commits to finalize its next-stage, world-class fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles in 2016 and implement them in 2019. In August 2015, the United States proposed separate standards for methane²⁹ emissions from landfills and the oil and gas sector, and commits to finalize both standards in 2016. In July 2015, the United States finalized significant new measures to reduce use and emissions of HFCs through the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program, and commits today to continue to pursue new actions in 2016 to reduce HFC use and emissions. Finally, in the buildings sector, the United States commits to finalize over 20 efficiency standards for appliances and equipment by the end of 2016.

　　十一、自去年11月联合声明以来，美国采取了重要的减排步骤，并于今天宣布进一步的重要实施计划。2015年8月，美国制定完成“清洁电力计划”，该计划将使电力行业二氧化碳排放到2030年比2005年减少32%。2016年美国将制定完成一项联邦计划，在那些选择不按清洁电力计划制定自己实施计划的州实施电厂碳排放标准。美国承诺将于2016年制定完成其下一阶段、世界级的载重汽车燃油效率标准，并于2019年实施。2015年8月，美国针对垃圾填埋和油气行业的甲烷气体排放草拟了专门的标准，并承诺将于2016年制定完成上述标准。2015年7月，美国制定完成了通过“重要新替代品政策（SNAP）”减少氢氟碳化物（HFCs）使用和排放的重大新举措，并于今天承诺在2016年继续采取新行动减少氢氟碳化物的使用和排放。最后，在建筑领域，美国承诺到2016年底制定完成20多项电器和设备能效标准。

　　12. China is making great efforts to advance ecological³⁰ civilization and promote green, low-carbon, climate resilient and sustainable development through accelerating institutional innovation and enhancing policies and actions. China will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level by 2030 and increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level by 2030. China will promote green power dispatch, giving priority, in distribution and dispatching, to renewable power generation and fossil fuel power generation of higher efficiency and lower emission levels. China also plans to start in 2017 its national emission trading system, covering key industry sectors³¹ such as iron and steel, power generation, chemicals, building materials, paper-making, and nonferrous metals. China commits to promote low-carbon buildings and transportation, with the share of green buildings reaching 50% in newly built buildings in cities and towns by 2020 and the share of public transport in motorized travel reaching 30% in big- and medium-sized cities by 2020. It will finalize next-stage fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles in 2016 and implement them in 2019. Actions on HFCs continue to be supported and accelerated, including effectively controlling HFC-23 emissions by 2020.

　　十二、中国正在大力推进生态文明建设，推动绿色低碳、气候适应型和可持续发展，加快制度创新，强化政策行动。中国到2030年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降60%－65%，森林蓄积量比2005年增加45亿立方米左右。中国将推动绿色电力调度，优先调用可再生能源发电和高能效、低排放的化石能源发电资源。中国还计划于2017年启动全国碳排放交易体系，将覆盖钢铁、电力、化工、建材、造纸和有色金属等重点工业行业。中国承诺将推动低碳建筑和低碳交通，到2020年城镇新建建筑中绿色建筑占比达到50%，大中城市公共交通占机动化出行比例达到30%。中国将于2016年制定完成下一阶段载重汽车整车燃油效率标准，并于2019年实施。中国将继续支持并加快削减氢氟碳化物行动，包括到2020年有效控制三氟甲烷（HFC－23）排放。

　　Enhancing Bilateral and Multilateral Climate Cooperation:

　　加强双边和多边气候合作

　　13. Building on the robust bilateral cooperation initiatives that support the achievement of ambitious domestic actions, the two sides commit to further deepen and enhance these efforts through the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group (CCWG), the premier³² mechanism³³ for facilitating constructive³⁴ U.S.-China dialogue and cooperation on climate change. The two sides have made concrete progress in each of the initiatives, including heavy-duty and other vehicles, smart grids³⁵, carbon capture, utilization³⁶, and storage (CCUS), energy efficiency in buildings and industry, collecting and managing greenhouse gas emissions data, climate change and forests, industrial boilers³⁷ efficiency and fuel switching, and climate-smart/low-carbon cities, and will continue to work together on green ports and vessels³⁸ and zero emission vehicles, as well as the enhanced policy dialogue and cooperation on HFCs. Furthermore, a new Domestic Policy Dialogue was established this year to share information on respective domestic actions. The two sides will continue to devote significant effort and resources to the existing initiatives. On the CCUS project agreed to in the 2014 Joint Announcement, the two countries have identified the project site in Yan’an-Yulin, Shan’xi Province, China, operated by Shan’xi Yanchang Petroleum³⁹. The two sides will continue to collaborate⁴⁰ to demonstrate the utilization of CO2 for enhanced water recovery.

　　十三、双方将基于强有力的双边合作倡议来支持实现富有雄心的国内行动，并承诺通过中美气候变化工作组（“气候工作组”）进一步深化和加强这些努力，气候工作组是促进建设性中美气候变化对话合作的首要机制。双方在气候工作组各合作倡议中取得了具体进展，包括载重汽车和其他汽车、智能电网、碳捕集利用和封存、建筑和工业能效、温室气体数据收集和管理、气候变化和林业、工业锅炉能效和燃料转换以及气候智慧型／低碳城市等合作倡议，继续共同推动关于绿色港口和船舶、零排放汽车的工作并加强关于氢氟碳化物的政策对话与合作。今年双方还建立了新的国内政策对话，就各自国内行动进行信息交流。双方将继续为现有合作倡议投入大量精力和资源。关于2014年中美气候变化联合声明中所提的碳捕集、利用和封存项目，两国已选定由陕西延长石油公司运行的位于中国陕西省延安－榆林地区的项目场址。双方将继续合作示范利用二氧化碳提高采水率。

　　14. The United States and China recognize and appreciate the critical role of cities, states and provinces in addressing climate change, supporting the implementation of national actions and accelerating the long-term transition to a low carbon and livable society. The Presidents welcome the outcome of the First Session of the U.S.-China Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities Summit, held in Los Angeles on September 15-16, 2015, and look forward to a successful Second Session to be held in Beijing in 2016. The Presidents support the U.S.-China Climate Leaders Declaration, signed by 24 provinces, states, cities, and counties of the United States and China, as well as the climate actions listed in the Declaration, including an initiative by provinces and cities in China for peaking pioneers and the medium and long-term greenhouse gas reduction targets of states, counties and cities in the United States. The United States and China also emphasize that businesses can play an important role in promoting low-carbon development, and will make continued efforts to encourage and incentivize actions by businesses.

　　十四、中美双方认同并赞赏省、州、市在应对气候变化、支持落实国家行动、加速向低碳宜居社会长期转型中的关键作用。两国元首欢迎2015年9月15－16日在洛杉矶举行的第一届中美气候智慧型／低碳城市峰会的成果，并期待着2016年在北京成功举办第二届峰会。两国元首支持由24个中国和美国的省、州、市、郡签署的中美气候领导宣言以及宣言中所列的气候行动，包括中国省市发起的率先达峰倡议和美国州、郡、市提出的中长期温室气体减排目标。中美双方还强调企业可以在推动低碳发展中发挥重要作用，并将继续努力对企业开展行动进行鼓励和激励。

　　15. The United States and China recognize the importance of mobilizing climate finance to support low-carbon, climate-resilient development in developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, small island developing states, and African countries. In this connection, the United States reaffirms its $3 billion pledge to the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and China announces that it will make available ?20 billion for setting up the China South-South Climate Cooperation Fund to support other developing countries to combat climate change, including to enhance their capacity to access GCF funds. Going forward and through these steps and other actions, the two sides are determined to work constructively⁴¹ and cooperatively together and along with all Parties to the UNFCCC to support developing countries to transition to green and low-carbon development and build climate resilience.

　　十五、中美双方认识到动员气候资金以支持发展中国家实现低碳、气候适应型发展的重要性，特别是支持最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家。为此，美国重申将向绿色气候基金捐资30亿美元的许诺；中国宣布拿出200亿元人民币建立“中国气候变化南南合作基金”，支持其他发展中国家应对气候变化，包括增强其使用绿色气候基金资金的能力。进而通过这些步骤和其他行动，双方决心建设性地合作努力，并与联合国气候变化框架公约所有缔约方一道，支持发展中国家向绿色低碳发展转型并进行气候适应力建设。

　　16. The United States and China consider that their bilateral investments in other countries should support low-carbon technologies and climate resilience and commit to discussing the role of public finance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Both countries are to use public resources to finance and encourage the transition toward low-carbon technologies as a priority. As part of an ongoing⁴² and serious commitment to strengthen low-carbon policies and regulations, the United States has ended public financing for new conventional coal-fired power plants except in the poorest countries. China will strengthen green and low-carbon policies and regulations with a view to strictly⁴³ controlling public investment flowing into projects with high pollution and carbon emissions both domestically and internationally.

　　十六、中美双方认为两国在其他国家的双边投资应支持低碳技术和气候适应力，并承诺讨论公共资金在减少温室气体排放中的作用。两国将运用公共资源优先资助并鼓励逐步采用低碳技术。作为加强低碳政策规定的现行严肃承诺的一部分，除在最贫穷的国家以外，美国已终止向新建传统燃煤电厂提供公共融资。中国将强化绿色低碳政策规定，以严控公共投资流向国内外高污染、高排放项目。

　　17. The United States and China will strengthen their dialogue and cooperation to advance climate change related issues in relevant fora complementary to the UNFCCC, such as the G-20, Montreal Protocol, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime⁴⁴ Organization, World Trade Organization and Clean Energy Ministerial.

　　十七、中美双方将加强在二十国集团、蒙特利尔议定书、国际民航组织、国际海事组织、世界贸易组织、清洁能源部长会议等作为对联合国气候变化框架公约补充的有关场合开展对话合作，推进气候变化相关问题。

1 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

2 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

3 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

4 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

5 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

6 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

7 protocol   

n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节

参考例句：

• We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
• The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。

8 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

9 differentiated   

区分，区别，辨别( differentiate的过去式和过去分词 )； 区别对待； 表明…间的差别，构成…间差别的特征

参考例句：

• The development of mouse kidney tubules requires two kinds of differentiated cells. 小鼠肾小管的发育需要有两种分化的细胞。
• In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上，大麦，苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。

10 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

11 differentiation   

n.区别，区分

参考例句：

• There can be no differentiation without contrast. 有比较才有差别。
• The operation that is the inverse of differentiation is called integration. 与微分相反的运算叫做积分。

12 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

13 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 formulating   

v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前，中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此，美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。 来自百科语句

16 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

17 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。

18 component   

n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的

参考例句：

• Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
• Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

19 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

20 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

21 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

22 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

23 intensifying   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的现在分词 )；增辉

参考例句：

• The allies are intensifying their air campaign. 联军部队正加大他们的空战强度。 来自辞典例句
• The rest of the European powers were in a state of intensifying congestion. 其余的欧洲强国则处于越来越拥挤的状态。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史

24 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

25 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

26 finalize   

v.落实，定下来

参考例句：

• Let us finalize tonight.让我们今天晚上干完
• 。At the same time,industrial designers work with engineers to finalize components and assembly.同时，工业设计师和工程师一道来完成部件和组装部分的工作。

27 finalized   

vt.完成（finalize的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The draft of this article has been finalized [done]. 这篇文章已经定稿。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The draft was revised several times before it was finalized. 稿子几经删改才定下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

28 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

29 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

30 ecological   

adj.生态的，生态学的

参考例句：

• The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
• Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.

31 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

32 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

33 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

34 constructive   

adj.建设的，建设性的

参考例句：

• We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
• He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。

35 grids   

n.格子( grid的名词复数 )；地图上的坐标方格；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络；（汽车比赛）赛车起跑线

参考例句：

• Typical framed structures are beams, grids, plane and space frames or trusses. 典型构架结构为梁、格栅、平面的和空间的框架或桁架。 来自辞典例句
• The machines deliver trimmed grids for use or stock. 这种机器铸出修整过的板栅，以供使用或储存。 来自辞典例句

36 utilization   

n.利用，效用

参考例句：

• Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
• Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式，完全驳倒了这种想象。

37 boilers   

锅炉，烧水器，水壶( boiler的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Even then the boilers often burst or came apart at the seams. 甚至那时的锅炉也经常从焊接处爆炸或裂开。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• The clean coal is sent to a crusher and the boilers. 干净的煤送入破碎机和锅炉。

38 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

39 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

40 collaborate   

vi.协作，合作；协调

参考例句：

• The work gets done more quickly when we collaborate.我们一旦合作，工作做起来就更快了。
• I would ask you to collaborate with us in this work.我们愿意请你们在这项工作中和我们合作。

41 constructively   

ad.有益的，积极的

参考例句：

• Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 如此富有意义地利用业余时间来进行收藏，会使人怡然自得，无暇烦恼。
• The HKSAR will continue to participate constructively in these activities. 香港会继续积极参与这些活动。

42 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

43 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

44 maritime   

adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的

参考例句：

• Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
• The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。