定语从句中关系代词that特殊用法

 　　引导定语从句的关系代词who，which有时可与that互换使用。但在下面情况，一般只用that.

　　一、当先行词为不定代词anything， everything， nothing， any， little， one， few²， much， all， none³等时。如：

　　a.There isn't much that I can do. b.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.

　　二、当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

　　a.The book is the best that I have read. b.This is the biggest laboratory⁴ that we have ever¹ built⁵ in our university⁶.

　　三、当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。如：

　　a.It is the third one that I've bought. b.This is the first place that I‘ve ever visited.

　　四、当先行词被the very， the only等词修饰时。如：

　　a.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? b.This is the only book that I need at present.

　　五、当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。如：

　　They talked of things and persons⁷ that they remembered in the school.

　　六、当先行词被same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。如：

　　She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.

　　七、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：

　　a.This is no longer the place that it used⁸ to be. b.He is not the man that he was⁹.

　　八、当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。如：

　　a.Which is the book that he bought yesterday? b.Who that you have ever seen¹⁰ can beat¹¹ him in the game?

1 ever   

adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
• I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。

2 few   

adj.很少的，不多的，少数的；int.少数的

参考例句：

• There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
• I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。

3 none   

adv.一点也不；prep.没人，毫无；pron.没有人，没有任何东西

参考例句：

• Remember that none is perfect.记住没有任何人是完美的。
• There's almost none left.几乎一个没剩。

4 laboratory   

n.实验室，化验室

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a laboratory.她捐款成立了一个实验室。
• Our laboratory equipment isn't perfect,but we must make do.实验室设备是不够理想，但我们只好因陋就简。

5 built   

v.build的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• My father built his business on years of hard work.我父亲多年奋斗创立了自己的事业。
• Ten years later,the school built out two buildings.10年后这个学校又增建了两栋建筑。

6 university   

n.大学

参考例句：

• She teaches English at the University of Wales.她在威尔士大学教英语。
• I'm going to enter a university.我要上大学。

7 persons   

n.人( person的名词复数 )；（语法）人称

参考例句：

• She brought several persons of good credit to witness to her reputation. 她带来几位很有声誉的人物为她的名誉作证。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• An average of 1500 persons pass here every day. 每天平均有1500个人经过此地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 used   

adj.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常

参考例句：

• I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
• He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。

9 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

10 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

11 beat   

n.打，敲打声，拍子；v.打，打败

参考例句：

• You can fight him,but can you beat him?你可以打他，但是你能击败他吗？
• The dry grass caught fire, but we beat it out.干草着火了，但我们将它扑灭了。