英语应试写作学与练：批驳篇

    英语应试写作学与练：批驳篇
    批驳型议论文主要是对某一观点或做法进行批评与驳斥。在这种类型的作文中，考生往往看到这样的题目：
    Should Capital Punishment Be Abolished？
    Does Money Mean Everything？
    My view on Forced Retirement¹ Policies 等。
    也就是说，要求考生在这些有争议的问题上所反映出来一种作者认为不正确的看法进行批评，然后阐述自己在这方面的看法和观点。这种作文的基本结构如下：
    Paragraph 1S（1） Topic： The issue to be argued aboutS（2） Thesis： My opinion of the issueParagraph 2S（3） Other's arguments about the issueS（4） DetailsS（5） Writer's objectionS（6） Writer's own argumentsS（7） DetailsParagraph 3Conclusion第一段引出文章要争论的问题，表明作者对这个问题的基本立场，或赞成或反对，这是全文的中心论点。
    第二段S（3）S（4）是作者反对并要驳斥的观点。S（5） 则是作者的具体驳斥。
    S（6）S（7）是作者对这个问题的自己看法。
    最后是结论，归纳全文的阐述。
    有时候作者反对并要批驳的观点并非一点道理也没有。在这种情况下，可以先退一步承认其可取之处，然后才阐明自己正确的主张。这时候，当中一段可改为：
    Paragraph 2S（3） Others' arguments about the issueS（4） DetailsS（5） Concede their validityS（6） Writer's own argumentsS（7） Details批驳篇-1 作文题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing？
    Directions： For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Stress a Bad Thing？ You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below：
    1.有的人害怕压力2.有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事3.我的看法范文：
    “I can't stand the pressure and competition，” explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided² to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons， but I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
    It's true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable， easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically³ and mentally. In fact， however， stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge， and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless， idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth——the very aim of a human life.
    Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.
    --------------应试写作学与练批驳篇-2写作题目：Should Women Return to the Kitchen？
    Directions： For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Women Return to the Kitchen？ You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below：
    1.现在社会上失业和下岗人数增加2.有人认为妇女回到厨房是解决的办法3.我的看法范文：
    The traditional belief is that a woman's place is the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work after marriage. Now once again we hear such words.
    People hold the view base their argument on the two assumptions. First， since jobs now are scarce and unemployment rates higher， if women returned to the kitchen， there would be more jobs available to men. Second， the majority of female workers earn a little， only one-fifth of their male counterparts， who may earn a little more if their wives stay at home devoted⁴ wholly to children and housework. But they fail to notice that deprived of work， most women will suffer unspeakable boredom⁵ and misery⁶. For most women， work is not only a means of earning a living， but more important， the focus of their lives and the source of satisfaction， and the absence of work tends to exert a harmful effect on their psychological well-being⁷. Furthermore， withdraw from employment to complete domesticity means the loss of certain social status that women have now enjoyed after many years of struggle. It should be recognized that the current frequent occurrences of brutality⁸， desertion and divorce are to some extent attributed to the fact they have no say in the matter of finance.
    No， women should not return to the kitchen， for we cannot afford to waste the wealth of their talent in their contribution to waste the wealth of their talent in their contribution to society and to risk losing the social status they should have.

1 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

4 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

5 boredom   

n.厌烦，厌倦，乏味，无聊

参考例句：

• Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.失业会让你无聊得发疯。
• A walkman can relieve the boredom of running.跑步时带着随身听就不那么乏味了。

6 misery   

n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦

参考例句：

• Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

7 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

8 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军