应试写作学与练：评论篇

    应试写作学与练：评论篇
    评论型议论文也成为开放型议论文，因为文章只是客观的分析和评论某一事物的正反两方面，或在某一问题上反映出来的两种不同看法，并不下结论说这个事物对或不对，这个看法正确或错误。这种作文形式尤其适用于评论电视、电脑、小汽车、安乐死等这类很难绝对说好或不好的主题。此类作文的基本结构如下：
    Paragraph 1S（1） Topic： the issue to be commentedS（2） Thesis： different attitudes towards it.
    Paragraph 2S（3） Its advantages or one side's opinionS（4） DetailsS（5） TransitionS（6） Its disadvantages or the other side's opinionS（7） DetailsParagraph 3S（8） The balanced view第一段S（1）引出要评论的事物或观点。S（2） 是简单扼要的提一下在这个问题上人们的两种不同看法，第二段S（3）， S（4）是一种看法，如赞成的观点或事物的优点。S（5） 使承上启下的过渡句， 引出下面另一种看法。S（6）S（7） 就是反对的观点或事物的缺点。第三段则是平衡这两种看法，谈谈作者的观点。
    评论型作文的句型如下：
    1.The answers to these questions often vary from person to person.
    2.Attitudes towards the problem usually differ sharply/widely.
    3.Whether it has more advantages or vice¹ versa ， one thing is certain：…………4.There is no doubt/ denying that………5.It certainly offer people greater opportunity to …………6.Despite/For all the advantages， it also brings its own problems……。
    7.A good case in point / example is………。
    8.As opposed/ contrary to widely/ commonly/ generally held/accepted ideas， I argue……9.They may be right about………， but they seem to fail to mention / take into account……10.What these people fail to understand is that …………11.Take…。for example，12.Suppose that……。
    本期作文题目：The Development of a Private CarDirections： For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Development of a Private Car. You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline（given in Chinese） below：
    1.小汽车开始进入中国普通家庭。
    2.小汽车带来的方便和舒适。
    3.小汽车带来的交通和污染问题。
    4.我的看法。
    范文：
    With the increase in the general standard of living， some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Yet opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person.
    Some claim that there are many advantages in possessing a car. It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility². The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport， and buses or taxies. With a car he can go where he likes and when he wants， so much so that he can enjoy his leisure to the full by making trips to the country or seaside on the weekends， instead of being confined to his immediate³ neighborhood.
    However， others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cars are produced and run in the street， a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off， polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. In fact， private cars contribute to traffic congestion⁴ so greatly that advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration⁵ caused by traffic jams.
    Whether private cars should be developed in China is a difficult question to answer. Yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring won't be eliminated.
    ----------评论篇-2 作文题目： Should Euthanasia Be Legalized？
    Directions： For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized？ You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below：
    1.有的人赞成实行安乐死2.有的人反对安乐死合法化3.我的看法。
    范文：
    Euthanasia， a quiet and easy death， or “mercy killing” as we call it recently has made the headlines frequently. Many people applaud it and argue that euthanasia should be legalized.
    As is pointed⁶ out， to practise euthanasia can benefit both the patient and his family. To a terminally ill person who is suffering excruciating pains day and night or living “like a vegetable”， to be allowed to end his life painlessly is a good release. To his family it is also a big relief considering the financial and emotional drain on them that having to sustain his life entails⁷. However， the legalization of euthanasia may also bring with it problems our society has not previously⁸ faced. Is it humane⁹， for example， that a terminally ill patient is thus caused to feel guilty for remaining alive because he does not want to die？ Is it wise that a patient is killed alive simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis¹⁰？ And is it possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for some ulterior or even criminal purposes？
    Since the legalization of euthanasia will raise serious moral and social issues， the decision our society makes about euthanasia will undoubtedly¹¹ have tremendous consequences in society.

1 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 mobility   

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定

参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

3 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

4 congestion   

n.阻塞，消化不良

参考例句：

• The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
• Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。

5 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

6 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

7 entails   

使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需

参考例句：

• The job entails a lot of hard work. 这工作需要十分艰苦的努力。
• This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。

8 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

9 humane   

adj.人道的，富有同情心的

参考例句：

• Is it humane to kill animals for food?宰杀牲畜来吃合乎人道吗？
• Their aim is for a more just and humane society.他们的目标是建立一个更加公正、博爱的社会。

10 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

11 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。