VOA慢速英语2019 特朗普的新移民计划重视家庭关系方面的技能和教育

Trump¹’s Immigration Plan Values Skills, Education over Family Ties

American President Donald Trump has offered a proposal to reform the country’s immigration system.

美国总统川普提出了一项改革该国移民制度的提案。

Trump says the proposal aims to create a, in his words, “fair, modern and lawful² system of immigration for the United States.”

川普称这项提案，用他的话来说，是旨在为美国建立“一项公平、现代和合法的移民制度。”

He spoke³ at the White House on Thursday.

川普周四在白宫发表了讲话。

The plan would involve new actions to improve border security and a rethinking of the nation’s Green Card system. Those changes are designed to help non-citizens with high-level education, skills and job offers instead of relatives of those already living in the United States.

这项计划会涉及新的行动以改善边境安全和反思国家的绿卡制度。这些变化旨在帮助具备高等教育、技能和工作机会的非公民，而不是那些已经生活在美国的人士的亲属。

A green card is required for all foreigners interested in becoming permanent residents of the United States. Trump’s proposal would keep the number of non-citizens approved for green cards each year at around 1.1 million. But the plan is a major change from the current immigration system, which has been largely based on family connections.

所有想要成为美国永久居民的外国人都需要绿卡。川普的提案将会把每年获得绿卡的非公民人数维持在110万左右，但是这项计划是对目前移民制度的重大变革，目前的移民制度主要是基于家庭关系。

Under the plan, 57 percent of green cards would be given to people with skills or offers of employment. Only 33 percent would go to individuals with family ties to individuals already living in the U.S. American immigration officials estimated that currently about 66 percent of all green cards are given to those with family ties, while only 12 percent are based on skills.

根据这项计划，57%的绿卡将会提供给拥有技能或工作机会的人士。只有33%的绿卡会提供给那些跟已经居住在美国的个人存在家庭关系的人士。美国移民官员估计，目前66%的绿卡给了具有家庭关系的人士，只有12%是基于技能。

Before Trump’s announcement, U.S. officials said the plan would create a visa system based on points, similar to systems used by Canada and other countries. Many more green cards would go to top college students so they can stay in the U.S. after completing their degree programs. There would also be more green cards given to professional workers and people with high-level degrees and occupational training. Officials would also consider a person’s age, English language ability and employments offers.

在川普宣布这项提案之前，美国官员称，这项计划将会建立一种基于积分的签证制度，类似于加拿大等国采用的制度。更大的绿卡将会提供给名牌大学生，这样他们就能在完成学位课程后留在美国。还将会为专业技术人员以及具备高等学位和职业培训的人士提供更多绿卡。官员还会考虑个人的年龄、英语能力以及工作机会。

The plan would reduce the numbers of visas the government sets aside for refugees. It also would end the government’s diversity visa lottery⁴ program. Under that program, green cards are given to citizens of countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States.

该计划将会减少政府为难民留出的签证数量，还会取消政府的“绿卡抽签”计划。这项计划会将绿卡发放给历史上移民美国比例很低的国家的公民。

Challenges in Congress

面临国会的挑战

Efforts to reform the U.S. immigration system have failed for almost 30 years. And Trump’s proposal will face opposition⁵ from lawmakers, including members of his own Republican Party.

美国移民制度的改革措施已经面临了近30年的失败。川普的提案也将会遭到议员们的反对，包括自家的共和党议员。

The Democratic Party wants a plan to deal with the millions of immigrants already living in the country without a visa. They include hundreds of thousands of young people brought to the U.S. illegally as children. And Republicans want to reduce overall rates of immigration.

民主党希望有一项计划可以处理已经在美国生活的数百万无证移民，其中包括数万名幼时被非法带到美国的年轻人。而共和党希望降低移民的总体比例。

Lisa Koop is director of legal services at the National Immigrant Justice Center. She criticized parts of the Trump proposal.

丽莎·库普（Lisa Koop）是美国国家移民司法中心法律服务部的主任。她批评了川普提案的部分内容。

“A plan that forces families apart, limits access to asylum⁶ and other humanitarian⁷ relief, and doesn’t contemplate⁸ a path to citizenship⁹ for DACA recipients¹⁰ and other undocumented community members is clearly a political stunt¹¹ intended to posture¹² rather than problem-solve,” Koop said.

库普表示：“这是一项迫使家庭分离、限制获得庇护和其它人道主义救济的计划，它没有为DACA接受者以及其他无证社区移民考虑一条获得公民身份的途径，这显然是一种故作姿态的政治噱头，而不是为了解决问题。”

DACA is short for the term Deferred¹³ Action for Childhood Arrivals. It is a policy that protects young people brought to the U.S. illegally as children from being sent back to their homeland.

DACA是《幼年抵美暂缓递解行动》（DACA）一词的缩写，这项政策能防止幼时被非法带到美国的年轻人被遣返回国。

Trump has worked to end the DACA program, and efforts to reach a compromise on DACA collapsed¹⁴ last year.

川普竭力终止DACA计划，一项就DACA计划达成妥协的措施在去年失败了。

Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said of Trump’s latest proposal, “It’s not going to happen.”

参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默（Chuck Schumer）表示川普的最新提案“不会实现。”

Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina is a Republican and a close ally of Trump. Graham said of the plan, “I don’t think it’s designed to get Democratic support as much as it is to unify¹⁵ the Republican Party around border security, a negotiating position.”

南卡罗来纳州参议员林赛·格雷厄姆（Lindsey Graham）是共和党人，也是特朗普的亲密盟友。格雷厄姆谈到该计划时表示：“我认为这不是为了获得民主党支持，而是为了让共和党围绕边境安全统一起来，这是一种谈判立场。”

The plan, U.S. officials say, would increase inspection¹⁶ at ports of entry, build a border wall in some areas, and aim to reduce the number of people seeking asylum at the border.

美国官员表示，这项计划将会增加入境口岸的检查，在一些地区建立边界墙，并旨在减少在边境寻求庇护的人数。

Mark Krikorian is executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, an organization that calls for lower immigration rates. He praised what he called a “very positive effort” on legal immigration, but said it was “undermined by the embrace of the current very high level of immigration.”

马克·克里科里安（Mark Krikorian）是美国移民研究中心的执行主任，该机构呼吁降低移民率。他称赞了对合法移民人数非常积极的努力，但是表示它“受到了目前接纳非常高比例移民人数的破坏。”

I'm Caty Weaver¹⁷.

Words in This Story

green card - n. an identification card permitting the holder¹⁸ to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely

access - n. a way of getting near, at or to something

contemplate - v. to look carefully at

stunt - n. something that is done to get attention

posture - n. the attitude a person or group has toward a subject

undermine - v. to make someone or something weaker or less effective

embrace - n. the act of accepting something

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 lawful   

adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的

参考例句：

• It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
• We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 lottery   

n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事

参考例句：

• He won no less than ￡5000 in the lottery.他居然中了5000英镑的奖券。
• They thought themselves lucky in the lottery of life.他们认为自己是变幻莫测的人生中的幸运者。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

7 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

8 contemplate   

vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视

参考例句：

• The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。
• The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.后果不堪设想。

9 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

10 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

11 stunt   

n.惊人表演，绝技，特技；vt.阻碍...发育，妨碍...生长

参考例句：

• Lack of the right food may stunt growth.缺乏适当的食物会阻碍发育。
• Right up there is where the big stunt is taking place.那边将会有惊人的表演。

12 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

13 deferred   

adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从

参考例句：

• The department deferred the decision for six months. 这个部门推迟了六个月才作决定。
• a tax-deferred savings plan 延税储蓄计划

14 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

15 unify   

vt.使联合，统一；使相同，使一致

参考例句：

• How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢？
• It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。

16 inspection   

n.检查，审查，检阅

参考例句：

• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。
• The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

17 weaver   

n.织布工；编织者

参考例句：

• She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快，而且布的质量很好。
• The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。

18 holder   

n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物

参考例句：

• The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
• That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。