VOA慢速英语--大学考虑对招生考试进行重大改革

Admissions tests have long been an important part of gaining entry to higher education. But coronavirus restrictions¹ are causing education officials to reconsider how students take these tests – and some are wondering if they are needed at all.

Two of the most important tests for the college admissions process are the SAT and ACT. Most colleges and universities in the United States require applicants² to take one of them.

The College Board operates the SAT, which is only offered a few times a year and must be taken in person at an approved test center. Last year, the College Board said that a record 2.2 million people took its test. But because of efforts to stop the spread of the coronavirus, the company canceled its March, May and June sessions this year. The company never made plans for an April session.

Charlie Astorino is the president of measurement for the ACT. He told VOA his company decided³ to move its planned April session to June 13. He also said more changes could be coming.

Astorino is hopeful testing centers will re-open in the U.S., China, Japan and Korea in a few months. But, he said, the future is still very unclear. He noted⁴ that, although it is an in-person test, the ACT has been entirely⁵ computer-based for years. So, the company is starting to experiment with ways to offer the test at a distance, online.

Astorino said his company is working on remote proctoring technology. This technology uses artificial intelligence, or AI, to observe students taking the test online at home through the cameras built-in to their computers. The AI technology ensures that student follow rules and records their work securely.

There are not many examples of this technology being used successfully to provide a test to groups as large as the 1.9 million students who took the ACT in 2018, Astorino said. But the growing popularity of a completely online test is causing companies to consider changes they may not have considered before.

"Really, what COVID is causing the entire industry to do is re-think where and how people can take tests," said Astorino.

The TOEFL is one of most widely-used tests of English language ability in higher education worldwide. More than 11,000 colleges and universities in 150 countries use it for their admissions process. In March, ETS, the company that operates the test, launched the TOEFL iBT Special Home Edition test.

Srikant Gopal is the executive director of the TOEFL program for ETS. He said this special form of the test can be taken completely online using the company ProctorU's remote proctoring technology. Gopal added that it only took six weeks to develop, showing that a crisis can lead to important changes.

Yet Jennifer Dewar with the language education company DuoLingo said this technology has been available for years. In 2014, DuoLingo launched its own English ability test that was completely online and used AI proctoring from the beginning. Now over 2,000 institutions accept it for their language requirements.

Dewar said the coronavirus has shown that the traditional leaders in the testing field are not the best or even only option.

She said it is interesting that her service was able to prove that testing could be done online, at home and that it could be secure and valid⁶. She added that DouLingo now is "the one that's been doing that for the longest."

Still, some experts worry that online tests might not be considered as valuable as traditional ones. Mehran Ebadolahi is the chief executive officer of Test Max, a test preparation company which offers study assistance to people taking the LSAT. The LSAT is the main admissions test for law schools in the U.S.

He said the LSAT Flex⁷, an online form of the LSAT that was recently launched, is shorter than the traditional test. He worries that schools might value its results less.

"As you...compare students with traditional LSAT score(s) versus⁸ LSAT Flex, how will admissions committees look at that?" he asked.

He added that not everyone has access to strong internet or a quiet place to work at home.

However, some experts wonder if admissions tests like the SAT and ACT are necessary at all. In May, the University of California system decided to suspend its admission requirements for SAT and ACT results.

Bob Schaeffer said this move is proof of the growing popularity of what is being called the test-optional movement. Schaeffer is the director of Fair Test, an educational organization that works on admissions testing. It reports that over 1,000 schools have joined the movement.

He noted that a large amount of research shows that students whose parents have high incomes are more likely to perform well on the SAT and ACT.

"That would be fine if the test was designed to predict where you come from," said Schaeffer. "But its use is to determine where you can go, and that is where it becomes an inaccurate⁹, unfair barrier to access."

I'm Pete Musto.

Words in This Story

applicant(s) – n. someone who formally asks for something, such as a job or admission to a college

session(s) – n. a period of time that is used to do a given activity

artificial intelligence – n. the power of a machine to copy intelligent human behavior

option – n. a choice or possibility

valid – adj. fair or reasonable

versus – prep. used to indicate two different things. or choices that are being compared or considered

income(s) – n. money that is earned from work, investments, or business

inaccurate – adj. not correct or exact

access – n. a way of being able to use or get something

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

6 valid   

adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的

参考例句：

• His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
• Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？

7 flex   

n.皮线，花线；vt.弯曲或伸展

参考例句：

• We wound off a couple of yards of wire for a new lamp flex.我们解开几码电线作为新的电灯花线。
• He gave his biceps a flex to impress the ladies.他收缩他的肱二头肌以吸引那些女士们的目光。

8 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

9 inaccurate   

adj.错误的，不正确的，不准确的

参考例句：

• The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确，而且夸大其词。
• She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。