VOA慢速英语2020 科技帮助维持美国总统竞选活动的活力

As the novel coronavirus continues to spread in the United States,politicians are increasingly turning to technology to get their message out to voters.

随着新型冠状病毒在美国继续传播，政客们越来越多地利用技术向选民传达他们的信息。 

Public health guidelines for reducing the spread have led to changes in the political campaigns of President Donald Trump¹ and former Vice² President Joe Biden.

减少病毒传播的公共卫生指导方针，已经导致唐纳德·特朗普总统和前副总统乔·拜登的政治竞选发生变化。

Health officials have appealed to Americans to limit face-to-face contact with others.

卫生官员呼吁美国人限制与他人面对面的接触。 

They support calls for social distancing -- keeping space between yourself and other people outside your home.

他们支持建立社交距离——在你自己和外面的人之间保持一定的距离。 

With social distancing rules in effect, the presidential election campaigns were faced with an unusual situation.

随着社交距离规则的实施，总统竞选活动面临着一个不同寻常的局面。 

They were no longer able to send out organizers and volunteers to connect with likely voters face-to-face.

他们不再能够派出组织者和志愿者与可能的选民面对面联系。 

It has also not been possible for candidates to hold events that can raise millions of dollars for their campaigns.

候选人也不可能举办能够为他们的竞选活动筹集数百万美元的活动。 

Eric Wilson is a technology expert working for the Republican Party.

埃里克·威尔逊是共和党的技术专家。 

He directs the Center for Campaign Innovation.

他领导着竞选创新中心。 

He told VOA the coronavirus health crisis forced big changes, such as the move to completely "virtual" campaigns.

他对美国之音表示，冠状病毒健康危机迫使政府做出重大改变，比如采取完全“虚拟”的行动。 

"Just like the (coronavirus) disrupted everyone elses daily life - the same is true of our campaigns," Wilson said.

“就像（冠状病毒）扰乱了每个人的日常生活一样，我们的活动也是如此，”威尔逊说。 

Tara McGowan is the founder³ of Acronym⁴, a political organization that supports progressive causes and candidates.

塔拉·麦高恩是Acronym的创始人，这是一个支持进步事业和候选人的政治组织。 

She agrees that campaign organizers have had to find many new ways to reach the people most likely to support their candidates.

她也认为，竞选组织者必须找到许多新的途径来接触最有可能支持他们候选人的人。 

"Youre just seeing a lot more creativity in terms of how and where the campaigns are finding the voters they need to get their message across to," McGowan told VOA.

麦高恩对美国之音说：“在如何以及在哪里找到他们需要的选民来传达他们的信息方面，你看到了更多的创造性。”

Since the start of social distancing orders in March, the Trump campaign has launched a daily talk show on social media.

自3月份社交距离规则开始以来，特朗普竞选团队在社交媒体上推出了每日脱口秀节目。 

The show – which appears on services such as Facebook and YouTube – has different guests each day.

该节目在Facebook和YouTube等网站上播出，每天都有不同的嘉宾。 

Some well-known Republicans and members of Trumps⁵ family have appeared on the program as guests or presenters⁶.

一些知名的共和党人和特朗普的家庭成员，以嘉宾或主持人的身份出现在节目中。 

During one show, the presidents son, Donald Trump, Junior, asked his father questions.

在其中一期节目中，总统的儿子小唐纳德·特朗普向父亲提问。 

"Thats one of the biggest kind of innovations weve done," said Erin Perrine, the director of press communications for the Trump campaign.

“这是我们做过的最大的创新之一，”特朗普竞选团队的新闻传播总监艾琳·佩林说。 

The Biden campaign is also turning to social media to reach voters.

拜登的竞选团队也开始通过社交媒体接触选民。 

It has used Instagram to hold discussions with well-known people and politicians.

该团队利用Instagram与知名人士和政界人士进行讨论。 

Last week, Biden raised more than $11 million during a virtual fundraising event with former President Barack Obama.

上周，拜登在与前总统奥巴马的虚拟筹款活动中筹集了1100多万美元。 

Even as both campaigns experiment with ways to reach possible donors⁷ and voters,the use of technology in presidential campaigns is not new.

尽管两大阵营都在尝试如何接触到可能的捐赠者和选民，但在总统竞选中使用科技并不是什么新鲜事。

Candidates have been using the internet since 1996, the year presidential hopefuls first developed websites for their campaigns.

自1996年以来，候选人就开始使用互联网。就在那年，总统候选人首次为自己的竞选开发网站。 

In 2000, Vice President Al Gore⁸, a Democrat⁹, and Republican Senator John McCain held online chats during their presidential runs.

2000年，民主党副总统戈尔和共和党参议员麦凯恩在竞选总统期间进行了网上聊天。 

By 2004, campaigns started experimenting with ways to use the internet to connect with supporters and to help organize them, said Jennifer Stromer-Galley.

詹妮弗·斯特罗默-加利说，到2004年，竞选活动开始尝试使用互联网与支持者联系，并帮助他们组织起来。

She studies political campaigns and the use of technology at Syracuse University in New York.

她在纽约雪城大学研究政治竞选和技术使用。 

In 2008, then-presidential candidate Barack Obama used social media services like Twitter and Facebook to help him win the election.

2008年，时任总统候选人奥巴马利用Twitter和Facebook等社交媒体服务帮助他赢得了选举。 

Stromer-Galley said the 2020 election season could be the first where campaigns spend more money on internet advertising¹⁰ than on television ads.

斯特罗默-加利说，2020年的大选季，竞选活动在网络广告上的花费可能会首次超过在电视广告的花费。

She told VOA that internet-based ads are helpful in getting people to provide contact details after opening the ads.

她告诉美国之音，网络广告有助于让人们在打开广告后提供联系方式。 

"The first thing the campaign says is, Hey, give me your email address.

“这个活动说的第一件事是，‘嘿，给我你的电子邮件地址。’” 

And if you do give your email address, they also then typically ask you for your name and maybe your address or your zip code."

如果你提供了你的电子邮件地址，他们通常会问你的名字，可能还有你的地址或邮编。” 

Stromer-Galley said Facebook can be a useful tool for campaigns because ads can be created to target demographics of users.

斯特罗默-加利说，Facebook可以成为一个有用的营销工具，因为可以针对用户群体制作广告。 

"Facebook has built an algorithm that predicts if youre politically interested.

“Facebook已经建立了一种算法，可以预测你是否对政治感兴趣。 

They have an algorithm that predicts if youre likely a Democratic supporter or a Republican supporter."

他们有一种算法可以预测你是民主党的支持者还是共和党的支持者。” 

Erin Perrine of the Trump campaign says it runs a lot of ads on Facebook continuously.

特朗普竞选团队的艾琳·佩林表示，他们在Facebook上持续投放大量广告。 

"We do a bunch of them and those that are doing well, well put more money behind and continue to push those,

她说:“我们做了很多这样的项目，表现好的，我们会投入更多资金并继续推动， 

then others that arent, you can pull them off the platform," she said.

然后那些表现不佳的，我们可以把它们从平台上撤下来。” 

Im Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。 

 

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

3 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

4 acronym   

n.首字母简略词，简称

参考例句：

• That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说，这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
• TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理，储存和处置设施的一个缩写。

5 trumps   

abbr.trumpets 喇叭；小号；喇叭形状的东西；喇叭筒v.（牌戏）出王牌赢（一牌或一墩）( trump的过去式 )；吹号公告，吹号庆祝；吹喇叭；捏造

参考例句：

• On the day of the match the team turned up trumps. 比赛那天该队出乎意料地获得胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Every time John is late getting home he trumps up some new excuse. 每次约翰晚回家都会编造个新借口。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 presenters   

n.节目主持人，演播员( presenter的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Each week presenters would put the case for their favourite candidate. 每个星期主持人推出他们最喜欢的候选人。 来自互联网
• Karaoke was set up to allowed presenters to sing on the stage. 宴会设有歌唱舞台，可让出席者大演唱功。 来自互联网

7 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 gore   

n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶

参考例句：

• The fox lay dying in a pool of gore.狐狸倒在血泊中奄奄一息。
• Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros.卡拉瑟斯被犀牛顶伤了。

9 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

10 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。