VOA时事新闻2023 坦桑尼亚扣押马赛人牲畜

An American rights group says Tanzania is seizing animals from herders because it wants to bring more foreign visitors to the northern part of the country.

美国一个权利组织表示，坦桑尼亚之所以从牧民手中扣押牲畜，是因为其想吸引更多的外国游客到该国的北部地区。

The Oakland Institute, a research group based in Oakland, California, recently reported on the issue.

总部设在加利福尼亚州奥克兰的研究机构奥克兰研究所最近报告了这一问题。

The group said Tanzanian officials are seizing the livestock¹ of ethnic² Maasai herders.

该组织表示，坦桑尼亚官员正在扣押马赛族牧民的牲畜。

The goal of the officials is to clear the area for increased tourism in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

官员们的目标是清理恩戈罗恩戈罗自然保护区，以发展旅游业。

The rights group says the government forcibly seized 5,880 cattle and 767 goats and sheep from the Maasai people in November and December.

该权利组织表示，政府在11月和12月从马赛人手中强行没收了5880头牛和767只山羊和绵羊。

Government officials are demanding that owners pay heavy fines.

政府官员要求牧民支付高额罚款。

People who cannot pay have their livestock taken and sold to other people.

无力支付高额罚款的人会把他们的牲畜卖给其他人。

Anuradha Mittal is the executive³ director of the Oakland Institute, one group following the issue.

阿努拉达·米塔尔是关注这一问题的组织奥克兰研究所的执行董事。

She told the Associated Press that: "Livestock is central to the Maasai culture and livelihoods⁴."

她告诉美联社：“牲畜是马赛文化和生计的核心。”

She said: "Losing cattle is therefore catastrophic for them. With this new tactic⁵ the government's goal is clearly to drive them away from their ancestral lands."

她说：“因此，失去牛对他们来说是灾难性的。通过这种新策略，政府的目的显然是要把他们从祖传的土地上赶走。”

The government says the relocation will increase safari⁶ tourism and the hunting of lions, elephants and other big animals to pay for environmental and economic development.

政府表示，重新安置将会推动狩猎旅游的发展，但会增加狮子、大象等大型动物的猎杀量，政府以此来支付环境和经济发展的费用。

It says the displacement⁷ is "voluntary" and that the Maasai are semi-nomadic, meaning they are used to moving around a lot.

报告称，这种迁徙是“自愿的”，马赛人是半游牧民族，意思是他们习惯于经常四处迁徙。

Mittal said the government's statements are not true.

米塔尔表示，政府的声明并不属实。

She said officials continue to make tourism money more important than "everything else, including lives."

她说，官员们继续认为旅游业获得的收入比“包括生命在内的其他一切”都重要。

Rights groups have accused the government of denying the Maasai the use of health services, land, water and salt licks—places where animals eat minerals.

权利组织指责政府剥夺了马赛人使用医疗服务、土地、水和盐舔地（动物吃矿物质的地方）的权利。

They say this is being done to force out the Maasai.

他们表示，这样做是为了驱逐马赛人。

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is recognized by the United Nations as a UNESCO World Heritage⁸ area.

恩戈罗恩戈罗自然保护区被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产区。

The Maasai villages occupy a small part known as the Loliondo commune.

马赛族村庄占据了一小部分被称为洛里昂多公社的地方。

In June of last year, rights groups accused the Tanzanian government of using violence against the Maasai people.

去年6月，权利组织指责坦桑尼亚政府对马赛人使用暴力。

There was international criticism of the relocation program but a court in the area ruled in favor of the government.

国际社会对该重新安置计划提出了批评，但该地区的一家法院做出了有利于政府的裁决。

The African Commission⁹ on Human and Peoples' Rights is currently¹⁰ in Tanzania seeking information on the human rights situation.

非洲人权和人民权利委员会目前正在坦桑尼亚寻求有关人权状况的信息。

Salangat Marko is a herder in the Loliondo area.

Salangat Marko是洛里昂多地区的一名牧民。

He said he is worried about the future of his family.

他说，他对全家的未来感到担忧。

He said: "I have cows with no grass or water. Herders intimidated¹¹ and beaten...where do we go and what do we feed our children?"

他说：“我养的牛没有草吃，也没有水喝。牧民们被恐吓和殴打……我们去哪里，我们给孩子喂什么？”

I'm Mario Ritter Jr.

小马里奥·里特为您播报。

1 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

2 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

3 executive   

adj.执行的，行政的；n.执行者，行政官，经理

参考例句：

• A good executive usually gets on well with people.一个好的高级管理人员通常与人们相处得很好。
• He is a man of great executive ability.他是个具有极高管理能力的人。

4 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

5 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

6 safari   

n.远征旅行(探险、考察)；探险队，狩猎队

参考例句：

• When we go on safari we like to cook on an open fire.我们远行狩猎时，喜欢露天生火做饭。
• They went on safari searching for the rare black rhinoceros.他们进行探险旅行，搜寻那稀有的黑犀牛。

7 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

8 heritage   

n.传统，遗产，继承物

参考例句：

• The ancient buildings are part of the national heritage.这些古建筑是民族遗产的一部分。
• We Chinese have a great cultural heritage.我们中国人有伟大的文化遗产。

9 commission   

n.委托，授权，委员会，拥金，回扣，委任状

参考例句：

• The salesman can get commission on everything he sells.这个售货员能得到所售每件货物的佣金。
• The commission is made up of five people,including two women.委员会由五人组成，其中包括两名妇女。

10 currently   

adv.通常地，普遍地，当前

参考例句：

• Currently it is not possible to reconcile this conflicting evidence.当前还未有可能去解释这一矛盾的例证。
• Our contracts are currently under review.我们的合同正在复查。

11 intimidated   

v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的

参考例句：

• We try to make sure children don't feel intimidated on their first day at school. 我们努力确保孩子们在上学的第一天不胆怯。
• The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police. 这个贼恫吓那男孩使他不敢向警察报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》