啦啦队的由来及发展过程

12 啦啦队的由来及发展过程

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC¹ #808 - Cheerleading
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
 
HOST:
(Start at 1'01") (1)Cheerleaders are part of (2)athletic² competitions throughout the United States. They lead the crowd in cheering for the team it likes best.
((CUT 1: CROWD CHEERING))
Twenty years ago, the purpose of cheerleading was to support a sports team. That is changing. Shep O'Neal tells us how cheerleading is developing into a sport of its own.
ANNCR:
The first organized American sports cheer was created at (3)Princeton University in the Eighteen-Sixties. But organized cheerleading did not begin until Eighteen-Ninety-Eight. That was when a student stood in front of a crowd at a game and led them in cheering for their team. That first cheerleader was Johnny Campbell at the University of (4)Minnesota.
The University of Minnesota also led the movement to make cheerleading a sport. In the Nineteen-Twenties, its cheerleaders began including (5)gymnastic movements in their cheers. This helped cheerleaders become known for their (6)athletic ability. And cheerleading became more interesting to watch.
Most cheerleaders in the early years were men. That changed during World War Two, when large numbers of young men left the country to fight. From that time on, more than ninety percent of cheerleaders have been female³.
Cheerleading quickly spread from colleges to high schools. Today most American high schools include cheerleading among their student athletic activities. Thirty percent of the high school teams enter cheerleading competitions. These cheerleaders must be in good physical (7)condition. They must be able to jump high, turn circles in the air and lift each other. Some teams train all year long. As many as twenty-thousand girls attend cheerleading camps in the summer to improve their skills and learn new moves.
Some people say cheerleading is not a sport because it does not have (8)unified rules. Rules for competitions among cheerleading teams are different depending on the group organizing the (9)contest. Experts do agree, however, that cheerleading is an athletic activity requiring physical skill. They also agree that cheerleaders add to the excitement of an athletic event.

                           外国留学生系列(25):关于宿舍生活

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Foreign Student Series: Part 25, Dormitory Living BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
 
HOST:
(start at 4'33") Our VOA listener question this week comes in an e-mail from (10)Mongolia. A listener there asks about foreign students living in college (11)dormitories, also called "dorms" or residence⁴ (12)halls.
Most American colleges permit foreign students to choose whether they will live in a dorm or in housing⁵ that is not owned by the university. Many foreign students say the dorms are cheaper than (13)apartments. They say dorms offer quiet study areas and rooms for social activities or sports. They say dorms are close to places they go every day, like the library, computer center and classrooms. They also say that living in the dorm provides the best chance to get to know other students.
Dormitories may house as few as twelve students or as many as one-thousand. Some dormitories are organized into areas called (14)suites⁷. Suites have several (15)bedrooms, a large living area and a bathroom. Six or more people may live in one suite⁶. Other dorms have many rooms along a hallway. Two students usually live in each room. On each floor of the dorm is a large bathroom for all the students who live on that floor. Sometimes there is also a (16)kitchen for preparing food.
In most universities, males and females⁸ live in the same dorm. They may even live on the same floor. But they usually may not live in the same room or suite. Most universities do have some separate dorms for men and women. They may also have special dorms that do not permit smoking or require all students to speak a foreign language.
Ed Spencer is the Chief Housing Officer at the Virginia (17)Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. Mister⁹ Spencer says many American universities are willing to change some policies so foreign students are happy living in the dorms. For example, he says Virginia Tech changed its policy banning (18)candles in the dorms so that foreign students could hold (19)ceremonies that require burning candles.
Mister Spencer says foreign students should ask university officials questions before deciding where to live. For example: Does the university provide special kinds of food the student may require? Will the university provide a single room if the student prefers not to live so closely¹⁰ with others? Do any of the dorms have (20)private bathing areas? Mister Spencer says it is important for all students to understand the (21)rules of the building in which they live.

                        简介格莱美奖得主艾米美

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Aimee Mann
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach

        HOST:
(start at 8'29") Aimee Mann is an American singer and songwriter. She has been a member of a (22)rock group. And she has been (23)nominated¹¹ for Grammy and Academy¹² awards. Shirley Griffith tells us about her.
ANNCR:
Aimee Mann is forty years old. She grew up in Richmond, Virginia. She studied at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, (24)Massachusetts.
Aimee Mann was a member of the group ‘Til Tuesday during the Nineteen-Eighties. Their hit song was called "Voices Carry."
((CUT 1: VOICES CARRY))
‘Til Tuesday broke up and Aimee Mann began recording¹³ alone. She recorded two folk music (25)albums. Critics liked them. But the albums did not sell many copies. Aimee Mann decided¹⁴ to form her own record company. Her first independent album is called "(26)Bachelor Number Two." It has sold at least one-hundred-fifty-thousand copies. Here is a song from that album, "Nothing Is Good Enough."
((CUT 2: NOTHING IS GOOD ENOUGH))
Last year, Aimee Mann was nominated for an Academy Award for music she wrote for the movie "(27)Magnolia." Her music from that movie was also nominated for three Grammy awards this year. We leave you now with Aimee Mann singing one of the songs she wrote for that (28)movie, "Save Me."

(1) 　　cheerleader n.啦啦队队长
(2) 　　athletic[ AW5letik ]adj.运动的
(3) Princeton[ 5prinstEn ]n.普林斯顿
(4) Minnesota[ 7mini5sEutE ]n.明尼苏达州(美国州名)
(5) gymnastic[ dVim5nAstik ]adj.体操的, 体育的n.训练课程
(6) athletic[ AW5letik ]adj.运动的
(7) condition[ kEn5diFEn ]n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况
(8) unified[ 5ju:nifaid ]统一的, 统一标准的, 一元化的
(9) contest[ 5kCntest ]n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺
(10) Mongolia[ mCN5^EuljE ]n.蒙古
(11) dormitory[ 5dC:mitri ]n.宿舍
(12) hall[ hC:l ]n.会堂, 礼堂, 大厅, 走廊, 门厅
(13) apartment[ E5pB:tmEnt ]n.<美>公寓住宅, 单元住宅, 房间
(14) suite[ swi:t ]n.(一批)随员, (一套)家具, 套房, 套, 组, 组曲
(15) bedroom[ 5bedrum ]n.卧室
(16) kitchen[ 5kitFin ]n.厨房, 炊具, 炊事人员
(17) polytechnic[ 7pCli5teknik ]adj.工艺的n.工艺学校
(18) candle[ 5kAndl ]n.蜡烛vt.对着光检查
(19) ceremony[ 5serimEni ]n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员
(20) private[ 5praivit ]adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的n.士兵
(21) rule[ ru:l ]n.规则, 惯例, 统治, 章程, 破折号, 准则, 标准, 控制vt.规定, 统治, 支配，
(22) rock[ rCk ]n.岩石, 暗礁, 石头, 摇动,摇滚乐
(23) nominate[ 5nCmineit ]vt.提名, 推荐, 任命, 命名
(24) Massachusetts[ 7mAsE5tFu:sits ]n.麻萨诸塞州
(25) album[ 5AlbEm ]n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册
(26) bachelor[ 5bAtFElE ]n.单身汉, 文理学士, 幼雄兽
(27) magnolia[ mA^5nEuliE ]n.木兰, 玉兰类的植物
(28) movie[ 5mu:vi ]n.电影

1 mosaic   

n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的

参考例句：

• The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今天早上的天空是幅蓝白相间的画面。
• The image mosaic is a troublesome work.图象镶嵌是个麻烦的工作。

2 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。

3 female   

adj.雌的，女(性)的；n.雌性的动物，女子

参考例句：

• We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
• The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。

4 residence   

n.住处，住宅；居住，(合法)居住资格

参考例句：

• They are only allowed one month's residence.他们获准只逗留一个月。
• He took up residence in Australia.他去澳大利亚居住。

5 housing   

n.房屋，住宅；住房建筑；外壳，外罩

参考例句：

• Do you think our housing sales will turn around during this year?你认为今年我们的住宅销路会好转吗？
• The housing sales have been turning down since the summer.入夏以来，房屋的销售量日趋减少。

6 suite   

n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员

参考例句：

• She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.她在那家旅馆有一套房间。
• That is a nice suite of furniture.那套家具很不错。

7 suites   

n.套( suite的名词复数 )；一套房间；一套家具；一套公寓

参考例句：

• First he called upon all the Foreign Ministers in their hotel suites. 他首先到所有外交部长住的旅馆套间去拜访。 来自辞典例句
• All four doors to the two reserved suites were open. 预定的两个套房的四扇门都敞开着。 来自辞典例句

8 females   

n.雌性动物( female的名词复数 )；女人

参考例句：

• The male birds are more colourful than the females. 这种鸟雄性比雌性更加色彩艳丽。
• The males in the herd protect the females and the young. 兽中的雄性动物保护雌性动物和幼崽。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 mister   

n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生

参考例句：

• Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
• He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。

10 closely   

adv.紧密地；严密地，密切地

参考例句：

• We shall follow closely the development of the situation.我们将密切注意形势的发展。
• The two companies are closely tied up with each other.这两家公司之间有密切联系。

11 nominated   

adj.被提名的，被任命的 动词nominate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• She has been nominated for the presidency. 她已经获得了董事长职位的提名。
• The movie was nominated for an Oscar. 这部电影获奥斯卡金像奖提名。

12 academy   

n.(高等)专科院校；学术社团，协会，研究院

参考例句：

• This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科学院。
• I visited Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday.我昨天去访问了中国科学院。

13 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

14 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。