WTO裁定欧盟未消除对空客非法援助

 　　The EU has failed to eliminate billions of dollars in illegal aid to Airbus, according to the World Trade Organisation¹, handing US rival Boeing one of the biggest triumphs on the global stage in its 12-year battle with the European aircraft maker².

　　世界贸易组织(WTO)称，欧盟(EU)未能消除向空客(Airbus)提供的巨额非法援助，这令其美国竞争对手波音(Boeing)在全球舞台上收获了与这家欧洲飞机制造商12年角力的最重大胜利之一。

　　The WTO also found Airbus’s newest passenger jet, its popular A350 which competes head to head with Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner, would never have flown without the “direct and indirect effects” of past EU subsidies³.

　　WTO还发现，如果没有过去欧盟补贴的“直接和间接影响”，空客颇受欢迎的最新客机A350将根本不会飞上天空。这种机型正与波音的787梦幻客机(787 Dreamliner)展开正面竞争。

　　Washington, which claims the WTO ruling applies to some $22bn in illegal aid, hailed the findings as a “sweeping victory” that would redress⁴ years of damage to the US aerospace⁵ industry from wrongful European subsidies.

　　美国声称，这项WTO裁决适用于大约220亿美元的非法援助，美国称裁决内容代表着“压倒性胜利”，将补偿美国航空航天业多年来因欧洲非法补贴遭受的损失。

　　The European Commission insisted parts of the panel’s analysis were flawed and said it was considering an appeal. “We are closely analysing the report,” said an EU spokesman, noting two other WTO rulings are expected in coming months on billions of dollars in US subsidies for Boeing.

　　欧盟委员会(European Commission)坚称，WTO小组委员会的部分分析存在缺陷，并表示正考虑上诉。“我们正认真分析这份报告，”一位欧盟发言人表示，他指出预计未来几个月WTO将围绕美国对波音的巨额补贴做出另外两项裁决。

　　The row has long been one of the most contentious⁶ battles in the global trade system. The dispute reached a head in 2010 and 2011 when the WTO ruled both Boeing — which won government money through contracts for defence and space business — and Airbus — which received aid to launch many aircraft repayable on delivery — had collected billions in unlawful assistance.

　　长期以来，双方的争端一直是全球贸易体系中最具争议的纠纷之一。双方的争端在2010年和2011年达到高潮，当时WTO裁决，波音和空客都收取了数十亿美元的非法援助；波音通过军工和航天业务合约获得政府资金，而空客获得援助研发新型飞机，在飞机交付时才偿还贷款。

　　Thursday’s ruling determined⁷ the EU failed to comply with the 2011 order to unwind the illegal assistance within six months. If the ruling stands, the US would have the right to impose tariffs⁸ on any goods imported from the EU; Washington has threatened levies⁹ totalling $10bn.

　　周四的裁决认定，欧盟未能遵照2011年的命令在6个月内消除非法援助。如果裁决成立，美国将有权对从欧盟进口的任何商品征收关税。美国已威胁将征收总计100亿美元的关税。

　　The ruling was not a total victory for Washington. The WTO rejected US claims that support from the four countries where Airbus planes are built — France, Germany, the UK and Spain — for the A350 or Airbus’s troubled A380 superjumbo constituted prohibited export subsidies.

　　这项裁决并非美国的全面胜利。WTO否决了美国的下列指控，即4个空客飞机制造地国家（法国、德国、英国和西班牙）对A350以及空客陷入困境的A380超大客机的支持构成了非法出口补贴。

　　Still, Michael Froman, the US trade representative, said it vindicated¹⁰ American claims that its aerospace industry had been wrongly harmed by government support for Airbus.

　　然而，美国贸易代表迈克尔?弗罗曼(Michael Froman)表示，裁决支持美国的指控：美国航空业因空客获得政府支持而遭受不公正损害。

1 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

2 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

3 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 redress   

n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除

参考例句：

• He did all that he possibly could to redress the wrongs.他尽了一切努力革除弊端。
• Any man deserves redress if he has been injured unfairly.任何人若蒙受不公平的损害都应获得赔偿。

5 aerospace   

adj.航空的，宇宙航行的

参考例句：

• The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
• Edward Murphy was an aerospace engineer for the US Army.爱德华·墨菲是一名美军的航宇工程师。

6 contentious   

adj.好辩的，善争吵的

参考例句：

• She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。
• Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起，他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。

7 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

8 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

9 levies   

（部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队

参考例句：

• At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox. 那时，苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
• Variable levies can insulate farmers and consumers from world markets. 差价进口税可以把农民和消费者与世界市场隔离开来。

10 vindicated   

v.澄清（某人/某事物）受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 )；表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等；维护

参考例句：

• I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated. 我完全相信这一决定的正确性将得到充分证明。
• Subsequent events vindicated the policy. 后来的事实证明那政策是对的。 来自《简明英汉词典》