WTO要求美国收回对波音的减税优惠

 　　The US has been ordered to withdraw illegal state tax breaks for Boeing within three months, giving rival Airbus the latest victory in a 12-year battle over government support for the world’s two biggest aircraft makers¹.

　　美国已被要求在三个月内收回对波音(Boeing)的非法政府减税优惠。这令波音的对手空中客车(Airbus)在围绕全球两大飞机制造商的政府支持的12年斗争中取得最新胜利。

　　The World Trade Organisation² has found that a tax break granted by the state of Washington to Boeing in 2013 to ensure the US company produced its newest long-range jet there amounted to a prohibited subsidy³.

　　世界贸易组织(WTO)认定，美国华盛顿州2013年对波音实施的一项旨在确保这家美国公司在该州制造最新远程客机的减税优惠，构成一种被禁止的补贴。

　　This is only the fifth time in the WTO’s history that it has defined a subsidy as prohibited.

　　这只是WTO有史以来第五次将一种补贴定性为被禁止的。

　　It is a red line you are not permitted to cross, said Brendan McGivern, partner with White & Case, the law firm, in Geneva.

　　伟凯律师事务所(White & Case)驻日内瓦合伙人布伦丹.麦吉弗伦(Brendan McGivern)表示：这是一条禁止逾越的红线。

　　This is one of the few really clear no-go areas in WTO rules.

　　在WTO的规则中，这是少数真正明确不许进入的领域之一。

　　The ruling comes as the pace of the long battle between Airbus and Boeing accelerates and the election of Donald Trump⁴ as the next US president raises questions over potential for a trade war.

　　WTO做出这一裁决之际，空客和波音之间长期斗争的节奏有所加快，而唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)当选下一任美国总统引发了可能爆发贸易战的问题。

　　Two months ago the WTO found the EU had failed to unwind billions of dollars in unlawful subsidies⁵ to Airbus.

　　两个月前，WTO曾认定欧盟(EU)未能撤回向空客提供的数十亿美元非法补贴。

　　The ruling could allow the US to impose tariffs⁶ on European goods.

　　该裁决令美国可以对欧洲商品征收关税。

　　But the EU is appealing against the findings.

　　但欧盟正对这一裁决提起上诉。

　　Next year the WTO will also rule on the EU’s claim that the US has equally failed to withdraw billions in illegal support.

　　明年WTO还会就欧盟有关美国同样未能撤回数十亿非法支持的主张做出裁决。

　　The row between the US and EU on behalf of their flagship aerospace⁷ companies has long been one of the most contentious⁸ battles in the global trade system and has cost both sides millions of dollars.

　　在全球贸易体系中，美国和欧盟为各自旗舰航空航天企业展开的争端，长期以来一直是最激烈的争端之一，双方均已花费了数百万美元。

　　The dispute reached a head in 2010 and 2011 when the WTO found that both companies had collected billions in unlawful assistance.

　　这场争端曾在2010年和2011年白热化，当时WTO认定两家企业都获得了巨额非法援助。

　　The EU, which brought the case against Washington’s support in 2014, hailed the latest decision as a big victory.

　　这次针对美国华盛顿州政府支持的案子，是由欧盟在2014年提起的。欧盟方面欢呼WTO的最新裁决是一大胜利。

　　The panel has found that the additional massive subsidies of $5.7bn provided by Washington state to Boeing are strictly⁹ illegal, said Cecilia Malmstr?m, EU trade commissioner¹⁰.

　　欧盟贸易专员塞西莉亚.马姆斯特罗姆(Cecilia Malmstr?m)表示：专家小组认定华盛顿州向波音提供的57亿美元大规模额外补贴完全违法。

　　We expect the US to respect the rules, uphold fair competition, and withdraw these subsidies without any delay.

　　我们预计美国会尊重规则、维护公平竞争、立即撤销这些补贴。

　　The EU’s claim covers subsidies that would have applied¹¹ between 2024 and 2040

　　欧盟的申诉涵盖了原本会在2024年到2040年期间到位的补贴。

　　and which Airbus argues would have covered virtually the entire cost of developing Boeing’s 777X twin aisle¹² aircraft, due to enter service in 2020.

　　空客声称，这些补贴原本将覆盖开发波音777X双通道客机的几乎全部成本。这种新款飞机定于2020年投入使用。

　　But Boeing, dismissed the EU’s sums as laughable, saying the ruling affected¹³ only $50m of support.

　　不过，波音对欧盟的计算不以为然，称其可笑。

　　The WTO had rejected six of the EU’s seven challenges to tax incentives¹⁴.

　　该公司表示，这一裁决只会影响5000万美元的政府支持。

　　In rejecting virtually every claim made by the EU in this case, the WTO found today that Boeing has not received a penny of impermissible subsidies, said J.

　　在欧盟有关税收激励措施的七项挑战中，WTO驳回了六项。

　　Michael Luttig, Boeing’s general counsel.

　　波音总法律顾问J.迈克尔.吕蒂希(J. Michael Luttig)表示：通过驳回欧盟在此案中提出的几乎全部主张，WTO今日认定波音并未收到一分钱不允许的补贴。

　　The US, meanwhile, has claimed that Airbus has received up to $22bn in unlawful support over several decades.

　　与此同时，美国声称空客在几十年时间里获得了最高220亿美元的非法支持。

　　Teal Group analyst¹⁵ Richard Aboulafia said the WTO rulings were not expected to hit either company financially.

　　蒂尔集团(Teal Group)分析师理查德.阿布拉菲亚(Richard Aboulafia)表示，WTO的裁决预计不会对两家企业中的任何一家造成财务上的打击。

1 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

3 subsidy   

n.补助金，津贴

参考例句：

• The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
• The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。

4 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

5 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

7 aerospace   

adj.航空的，宇宙航行的

参考例句：

• The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
• Edward Murphy was an aerospace engineer for the US Army.爱德华·墨菲是一名美军的航宇工程师。

8 contentious   

adj.好辩的，善争吵的

参考例句：

• She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。
• Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起，他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。

9 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

10 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

11 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

12 aisle   

n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道

参考例句：

• The aisle was crammed with people.过道上挤满了人。
• The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat.引座小姐带领我沿着通道到我的座位上去。

13 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

14 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

15 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。