2016年经济学人 才华横溢的脑科医生能入主白宫

 

Lexington

莱克星顿

The Ben Carson mirage¹

海市蜃楼般的Ben Carson

Why some Republicans think a charismatic brain surgeon can win the White House

为什么一些共和党人认为才华横溢的脑科医生能入主白宫

BETWEEN now and the presidential primary season, expect to hear more about Ben Carson. Though unknown to many Americans, the retired² brain surgeon is a conservative pin-up. He was raised by a black single mother in Detroit, almost flunked³ out of school and nearly stabbed a teenage rival to death, before finding God, heading to Yale and becoming a paediatric neurosurgeon. He has written several books about his life—one became a TV film (Dr Carson was played by Cuba Gooding junior).

从现在到美国总统预选的日子里，很期待听说更多关于Ben Carson的消息。尽管对于很多美国人来说还很陌生，这位退休脑外科医生是保守党的招牌人物。Ben在底特律长大，母亲是位单身黑人妈妈，在皈依基督之前，他快要被学校退学，有过前科，将一位青少年对头几乎刺死，后来去耶鲁深造成了一名儿科神经外科医生。Ben已经写了好几本关于他生活经历的书—一本已被改变成电影（Carson医生由小古巴·古丁扮演）。

Political celebrity⁴ came in 2013 when the doctor used a speech to a National Prayer Breakfast to lecture a stony-faced Barack Obama, sitting a few feet away, about the national debt, those who treat poverty as an excuse for failure and the “horrible” menace of political correctness. A Fox News TV contract followed, and many invitations to address conservative gatherings⁵.

他的政坛名望来自2013年，当时他在全美祈祷早餐上致辞批评奥巴马对于国债的无动于衷，以及那些将预算不足当作失败的借口、对政治前途有“可怕”威胁的人，当时奥巴马坐在几英尺开外。Fox新闻台以及很多邀约随后都邀请Ben给保守党聚会做演讲。

Fans want to draft Dr Carson to run for the presidency⁶ in 2016. They call him a citizen-statesman for an anti-politics age. They praise his philanthropy (he runs a scholarship fund for star pupils in poor schools), and his appeal to churchgoing, socially conservative voters of all races. Their idol⁷ has said that he might run “if the Lord grabbed me by the collar and made me”. Some are willing to try more earthly interventions⁸. According to official filings, the recently-formed National Draft Ben Carson for President Committee (slogan: “Run Ben Run!”) raised $1.2m dollars in the last two months of 2013. The committee, which operates without sanction from Dr Carson, boasts that it has raised another $1.6m since. The committee’s co-founder, Vernon Robinson, makes an unblushing, race-based pitch. Democrats¹⁰ have scooped¹¹ about 90% of the black vote in presidential elections since 2000, helping¹² to offset¹³ a consistent Republican lead among whites. In 2016, argues Mr Robinson, Dr Carson has only to take 17% of the black vote and “Hillary loses every swing state in the country”.

支持者们想提名Carson医生竞选2016年总统，称他为反政治时代的平民政治家。他们颂扬他的慈善心（他设立了专为穷困小学优秀学生提供的奖学金），而且他呼吁人们去教堂，全种族的社会性投票。他们的偶像说如果上帝勒住他的领子、命令他，他可能会去参选。一些人则愿意尝试世俗性的干预。根据一些官方文件角料，2013年最后两月，最近组建的全国性Ben Carson竞选委员会（标语：“竞选 Ben 奔起来！”）筹集到120万美元。Carson医生没有认可这个委员会，而他们还吹嘘道自那时起又筹集到160万美元。创始人之一的Vernon Robinson还做了一个不要脸的、基于竞选的促销活动。民主党人应经抢先夺取从2000年来总统选举中的90%黑人选票，用于对抗民主党一如既往的白人支持率。Robinson说2016年，Carson只夺了17%的黑人选票，就让“希拉里输掉了全国所有持观望态度的州选票”。

At the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), a three-day shindig attracting big-name Republicans that ended on March 8th, Dr Carson was given a prominent speaking slot. He drew cheers with a talk that delivered partisan¹⁴ attacks (eg, Obamacare is a “massive” government power-grab) in a paediatrician’s mild tones (a favouriteCarsoninsult is to call foes¹⁵ “dummies”). CPAC attracts a young crowd with a libertarian bent¹⁶: think students in blazers and bow-ties, and pamphlets headed “How to debate your teacher (and win!)”. Still,Carsonfans were excited when their man came third in a presidential straw poll of CPAC-goers, behind Senators Rand Paul and Ted¹⁷ Cruz but beating heavyweights such as Senator Marco Rubio, Governor Chris Christie and Representative Paul Ryan. It was a revealing moment, but not because Dr Carson can win the White House. To be clear, he will not even win the presidential nomination¹⁸. His rise is interesting because of what it says about Republicans today.

3月8号结束的，连续举办三天，吸引众多共和党大人物保守党政治活动会议（CPAC）上，Carson医生成为重要的致辞者。他在宴会致辞时，以一个儿科专家的温和音调，将党派攻击呈现出来（例如，奥巴马医改是“显著的”政府权力滥用）（Carson最喜欢用的轻蔑语是称对手为“傻瓜”）。CPAC吸引了爱好自由的年轻群体：他们认为学生是开拓者，宣传册上写着“怎么样与老师辩论（而且是胜利！）”。Carson的支持者们还在为民调中他取得第三位好成绩而兴奋，仅次于Rand Paul议员和Ted Cruz，击败了重量级选手Marco Rubio议员，Chris Christie州长和Paul Ryan代表。这是有启迪性的一刻，但不是因为Carson医生能入主白宫。甚至，很明确的是，他将不会赢得总统提名。因为谈论了共和党人的事情，他的威望提升才变得有趣。

Republicans have flirted¹⁹ before with self-made men from outside politics. Remember Herman Cain, the pizza tycoon²⁰ whose folksy manner and populist tax plans propelled him to giddy heights in 2011, before sex scandals dragged him down and out of the presidential primaries? Dr Carson is no Herman Cain. Before the 2012 election Republican activists²¹ looked at a string of odd-bods and firebrands, casting about for someone, anyone, who thrilled them more than their eventual²² nominee²³, Mitt⁹ Romney.

共和党人层和政坛外部的成功人士接触过。还记得Herman Cain，披萨巨头，行事随和，计划推行平民税收促使他在2011年排名让人眼前一亮，后来性丑闻将他从竞选圈内排除。Carson医生不是Herman。2012年的选举之前，共和党活动者们聚焦了一串“临时工”和“煽动者”，寻找一些人，任何人，能让他们比推出最终提名者Mitt Romney更兴奋。

This time Republicans seem more sober-minded. A bit unexpectedly, their current mood takesLexingtonback to early 2004, and to (cold, snowy) memories of coveringNew Hampshire’s Democratic presidential primary. Back then it was fractious Democrats who were united by their loathing²⁴ of the sitting president—seeing George W. Bush as not just wrong-headed but un-American and dangerous. Yet even as Democrats told themselves that they representedAmerica’s true values, they were troubled by doubts about their ability to win overall majorities in a country that was stubbornly hostile to their arguments.

这次共和党人看起来意识更加清醒。有点出乎意料的是，他们现在的心境将莱克星顿专栏带回2004年初，（冰冷，大雪）那时是New Hampshire的民主党总统预选。那时是不好对付的民主党人联合起来反对在位总统——因为小布什当时不仅仅是错误领导国家而且是反美国式、危险的领导。虽然当时民主党人自称他们代表美国的真正价值，但他们因质疑自身能力而陷入麻烦，质疑他们无法取得全国大多数选票以至于遭到评论的顽强抨击。

Their first response was to blame their opponents and the media for sowing division and fear (just as Republicans do today). Their second response was to fret²⁵ about their bench of White House contenders—a line-up of lightweights, shrill²⁶ partisans²⁷ and ponderous²⁸ elder statesmen.

他们第一个回应就是指责对手和媒体散布离间和恐怖（就像共和党人今天做的）。第二个回应就是为他们的白宫之主竞争者而烦恼——那是一排小人物，打游击的，沉闷的老去的政治家。

Democrats sought a quick fix: candidates with sterling²⁹ military records to reassure³⁰ a nation at war. In the end that meant picking John Kerry, whose war service proved less helpful than hoped. But for a period, notably³¹ aroundNew Hampshire’s primary, wild hopes were pinned on Wesley Clark, a retired four-star general with no political experience.

民主党人寻求了快速法：选一批有纯正军方背景的候选人让战时国家安心。最后选了John Kerry，但是他的战争经历没有像预期那样提供足够帮助。但有一段时间，尤其是对于New Hamshire预选，狂热的希望寄托在Wesley Clark的身上，他是一位没有政坛经历的退休四星上将。

The myth of the heroic outsider

圈外英雄传奇

A decade on, Republicans seem equally unconvinced by their likely presidential contenders, and Dr Carson has the makings of a new Wesley Clark: a successful man, unready for the blowtorch scrutiny³² of politics. Some of his views might startle his party: for example, he favours stiff tariffs³³ on manufactured imports. And he is already proving thin-skinned. At CPAC, he accused the press of distorting what he had meant when he called Obamacare the worst thing to happen in America “since slavery”, or when he seemed to equate³⁴ gay-marriage advocates with child-molesters.

十年的时间，共和党人看起来同样不信他们可能的总统竞争者，而且Carson医生由成为新Wesley Clark的潜质：一个成功的人，还没准备好迎接政治喷灯式审查。他的一些观点可能让党派眼前一亮：例如他在制造业进口方面秦翔宇固定关税政策。而且他已经被证实脸皮很薄。在CPAC，当他说奥巴马医改是从奴隶制度后发生在美国最糟糕的事，指责新闻界扭曲他的意思，或是当他将同性婚姻和猥亵儿童等同起来。

Republicans are bullish about November’s mid-term elections, when turnouts are usually low and the electorate³⁵ skews whiter, older and more conservative. However, the more thoughtful know that the race for the White House in 2016 will be far harder. Swelling³⁶ ranks of non-white and younger voters have never enjoyed the American dream of rising living standards. Their pessimism³⁷ poses a test for Republicans whose creed³⁸ is that hard work leads to success, if government will only get out of the way. Alas³⁹, too many conservatives—like Democrats in 2004—are too blinded by dislike of the president to grasp the limits of their own popularity. Hence their desire for quick fixes, as represented by folk like Dr Carson. But quick fixes seldom work.

工很当人对于11月中期选举斗志昂扬，选区里有更多白人、老人、保守派时，结果同城都会很不乐观。然而，对于2016年白宫选举考虑得越多、越全面，事情就会更困难。非白人、更年轻化的阶级膨胀起来，他们从未享受到提高生活标准的美国梦。他们的悲观主义会是共和党人的一道测试，因为他们宣扬如果政府不干预，努力工作就能通向成功。哎！更多的保守派——像2004年的民主党人——被总统的反感蒙蔽了双眼，控制他们支持者的底线。因此他们更喜欢快刀斩乱麻，如同Carson医生这样的代表。但是欲速则不达。

1 mirage   

n.海市蜃楼，幻景

参考例句：

• Perhaps we are all just chasing a mirage.也许我们都只是在追逐一个幻想。
• Western liberalism was always a mirage.西方自由主义永远是一座海市蜃楼。

2 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

3 flunked   

v.( flunk的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）（考试、某学科的成绩等）不及格；评定（某人）不及格；（因不及格而） 退学

参考例句：

• I flunked math in second grade. 我二年级时数学不及格。
• He flunked out (of college) last year. 他去年（从大学）退学了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

5 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。

6 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

7 idol   

n.偶像，红人，宠儿

参考例句：

• As an only child he was the idol of his parents.作为独子，他是父母的宠儿。
• Blind worship of this idol must be ended.对这个偶像的盲目崇拜应该结束了。

8 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

9 mitt   

n.棒球手套，拳击手套，无指手套；vt.铐住，握手

参考例句：

• I gave him a baseball mitt for his birthday.为祝贺他的生日，我送给他一只棒球手套。
• Tom squeezed a mitt and a glove into the bag.汤姆把棒球手套和手套都塞进袋子里。

10 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 scooped   

v.抢先报道( scoop的过去式和过去分词 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等）

参考例句：

• They scooped the other newspapers by revealing the matter. 他们抢先报道了这件事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. 车轮搅起的石块，在车身下发出不吉祥的锤击声。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

13 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

14 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

15 foes   

敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They steadily pushed their foes before them. 他们不停地追击敌人。
• She had fought many battles, vanquished many foes. 她身经百战，挫败过很多对手。

16 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

17 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

18 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

19 flirted   

v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She flirted her fan. 她急速挥动着扇子。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• During his four months in Egypt he flirted with religious emotions. 在埃及逗留的这四个月期间，他又玩弄起宗教情绪来了。 来自辞典例句

20 tycoon   

n.有钱有势的企业家，大亨

参考例句：

• The tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy.那名大亨濒临破产的边缘。
• The tycoon has many servants to minister to his needs.那位大亨有很多人服侍他。

21 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 eventual   

adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

参考例句：

• Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
• Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

23 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

24 loathing   

n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢

参考例句：

• She looked at her attacker with fear and loathing . 她盯着襲擊她的歹徒，既害怕又憎恨。
• They looked upon the creature with a loathing undisguised. 他们流露出明显的厌恶看那动物。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

25 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

26 shrill   

adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫

参考例句：

• Whistles began to shrill outside the barn.哨声开始在谷仓外面尖叫。
• The shrill ringing of a bell broke up the card game on the cutter.刺耳的铃声打散了小汽艇的牌局。

27 partisans   

游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙

参考例句：

• Every movement has its partisans. 每一运动都有热情的支持者。
• He was rescued by some Italian partisans. 他被几名意大利游击队员所救。

28 ponderous   

adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的

参考例句：

• His steps were heavy and ponderous.他的步伐沉重缓慢。
• It was easy to underestimate him because of his occasionally ponderous manner.由于他偶尔现出的沉闷的姿态，很容易使人小看了他。

29 sterling   

adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑)

参考例句：

• Could you tell me the current rate for sterling, please?能否请您告诉我现行英国货币的兑换率？
• Sterling has recently been strong,which will help to abate inflationary pressures.英国货币最近非常坚挺，这有助于减轻通胀压力。

30 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

31 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

32 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

33 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

34 equate   

v.同等看待，使相等

参考例句：

• You can't equate passing examination and being intelligent.你不能把考试及格看成是聪明。
• You cannot equate his poems with his plays.你不可以把他的诗歌和他的剧本相提并论。

35 electorate   

n.全体选民；选区

参考例句：

• The government was responsible to the electorate.政府对全体选民负责。
• He has the backing of almost a quarter of the electorate.他得到了几乎1/4选民的支持。

36 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

37 pessimism   

n.悲观者，悲观主义者，厌世者

参考例句：

• He displayed his usual pessimism.他流露出惯有的悲观。
• There is the note of pessimism in his writings.他的著作带有悲观色彩。

38 creed   

n.信条；信念，纲领

参考例句：

• They offended against every article of his creed.他们触犯了他的每一条戒律。
• Our creed has always been that business is business.我们的信条一直是公私分明。

39 alas   

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

• Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！
• Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。