2016年经济学人 一周要闻 伊朗表示导弹与外交共同决定命运 特朗普本周遭受重创

 

Foreign-owned firms in Zimbabwe were given a deadline of April 1st to comply with a law that requires them to hand 51% of their ownership to “indigenous” citizens. Banks and mining firms are among those affected¹ by the law.

依照津巴布韦（Zimbabwe）的一项法律，该国境内的外资公司必须在4月1日前将公司51%的股份移交给该国的“土著”公民。该法已影响到津巴布韦的银行业和采矿业。

Iran's Supreme³ Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, declared that missiles, and not just diplomacy⁴, are the key to Iran's future.

伊朗最高领导人阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊（Ayatollah Ali Khamenei）宣称，伊朗的未来不应只由外交决定，导弹同样有着关键性作用。

Donald Trump⁵ had a bad week. His campaign manager was charged with battery following an encounter with a female reporter last month. Scott Walker and Jeb Bush endorsed⁶ Mr Trump's main rival, Ted² Cruz, for the Republican nomination⁷. And Mr Trump implied that women should be punished for abortion⁸ if it becomes illegal (which he hastily retracted). The Republican front-runner also backtracked on his pledge to support the party's nominee⁹ if he fails to win, complaining that he isn't being treated fairly.

美国总统竞选人唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）本周很不走运。其竞选经理被指控于上个月殴打一名女记者。斯科特·沃克（Scott Walker）和杰布·布什（Jeb Bush）力挺特朗普劲敌泰德·科鲁兹（Ted Cruz）作为共和党候选人。特朗普称，如果堕胎违法，堕胎妇女应受到惩罚。但随后，特朗普又迅速对此言论进行了澄清。这位共和党候选人领跑者还抱怨自己未受到公平对待，声称一旦落选，将不支持共和党其他候选人竞选，这与其最初的誓言相悖。

The Republican governor of Georgia, Nathan Deal, announced that he will veto a bill that would allow religious organisations to withhold¹⁰ the provision of services from gay people. Conservatives were furious, blaming a lobbying campaign from big businesses, which worry that the bill tarnishes¹¹ Georgia's reputation.

美国乔治亚州州长内森·迪尔（Nathan Deal共和党人）宣布将否决一份宗教机构不允许同性恋人群参与宗教活动的法案。保守派对此举极为愤怒，归咎于大公司的游说活动。此前，这些公司担忧此法案有损于该州名誉。

America's Supreme Court ruled 4-4 in a case that sought to stop unions taking fees from workers who do not want to pay their dues despite benefiting from collective-bargaining actions. The court's split decision means that the law stands as it is, a deep disappointment to conservatives who were sure they would triumph when arguments were heard in January, before the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Republicans are still refusing to hold hearings to confirm Scalia's nominated successor, Merrick Garland.

美国最高法院将一起公会诉工人的案件裁定为4比4平局。该案件意在阻止公会对受惠于劳方集体权益却不愿缴纳会费的工人一律实行强制扣费的行为。由于法律允许上述情况，法官意见不一，保守派人士对此深表失望，他们认为如果该案在已逝大法官安托宁·斯卡利亚（Antonin Scalia）在位时受审，保守派必将获胜。共和党人仍拒绝为斯卡利亚的继任者梅里克·加兰（Merrick Garland）举行听证会。

Ukraine's parliament dismissed the country's prosecutor-general, Viktor Shokin, after months of pressure from international donors¹² who faulted him for refusing to act against corruption¹³. Shortly before his dismissal Mr Shokin in turn had fired his popular, pro-reform deputy. A new nominee for prime minister, Volodymyr Groysman, is seeking allies to form a majority in parliament that would allow the unpopular Arseniy Yatsenyuk to step down.

乌克兰议会在承受来自其国际捐助者（译者注：意指西方国家）的数月压力下，日前罢免了该国总检察长维克托·邵金（Viktor Shokin）。西方国家指责邵金无力反腐。在被罢免前，邵金解雇了倍受欢迎的改革派副检察长。乌克兰总理新候选人福罗迪米尔·格洛伊斯曼（Volodymyr Groysman）正寻找同盟组成议会多数席，让人心尽失的现任总理阿尔谢尼·亚采纽克（Arseniy Yatsenyuk）下台。

Radovan Karadzic, the leader of the Bosnian Serb side in the Bosnian war of 1992-95, was found guilty of genocide and war crimes by an international criminal tribunal in The Hague. He was sentenced to 40 years in prison. The conviction instantly sparked a bitter row between the leader of Serbia and the Bosniak (Muslim) leader of Bosnia. Vojislav Seselj, a Serbian nationalist and ally of Slobodan Milosevic, Serbia's president at the time, was cleared in The Hague of committing war crimes.

海牙国际刑事法庭指控前波黑塞族总统拉多万·卡拉季奇（Radovan Karadzic）在1992至1995年间的波黑战争中犯有种族屠杀和战争罪，判处其有期徒刑40年。这一裁决立刻激起了塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚穆斯林双方领导人的唇枪舌剑。法庭判决塞尔维亚激进党人沃伊斯拉夫·舍舍利（Vojislav Seselj）的战争罪罪名不成立。舍舍利曾是斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇（Slobodan Milosevic）的盟友，后者在波黑战争中曾任塞尔维亚总统。

In Turkey the German ambassador was summoned twice in one week after a satirical song about President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, entitled “Erdowi, Erdowo, Erdogan”, was shown on German television. The incident hints at tensions between the two countries, which are both key to solving the refugee crisis in Europe.

由于德国电视台播放一首名为《Erdowi, Erdowo, Erdogan》讽刺土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）的歌曲，德国驻土耳其大使一周内被土耳其当局召见两次。此事件暗示德土两国目前关系紧张。两国在解决欧洲难民问题上均处于关键地位。

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

3 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

4 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

8 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

9 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

10 withhold   

v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡

参考例句：

• It was unscrupulous of their lawyer to withhold evidence.他们的律师隐瞒证据是不道德的。
• I couldn't withhold giving some loose to my indignation.我忍不住要发泄一点我的愤怒。

11 tarnishes   

污点，瑕疵，无光泽( tarnish的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brass tarnishes quickly in wet weather. 天气潮湿时黄铜很快会失去光泽。
• This metal tarnishes easily. 这种金属易变色。

12 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。