2019年经济学人 血腥学者易卜拉欣·阿瓦徳(2)

 

Now that IS had territory—the city of Raqqa, too, had fallen to him—he declared a Sunni caliphate and himself Caliph Ibrahim, the most pious¹, the warrior², the reviver, who would take Baghdad and lead his mujahideen as far as Rome. He not only spoke³, but posted his sermon on YouTube. The world noticed him then. He also surprised those who thought they knew him, the family man and keen footballer, living for years in a garret by the Tobchi mosque⁴ and teaching children there.

现在伊斯兰国拥有了领土-拉卡市也落到了他的手里-他建立了一个逊尼派哈里发国，自己则是哈里发易卜拉欣，最虔诚的人，战士，复活者，他将占领巴格达，像罗马般长久地领导者他的圣战者。他不仅发表了讲话，而且把自己的布道发到了油管上。世界在那时注意到了他。易卜拉欣也让那些自认为了解自己的人感到惊讶，他们认为他是一名居家男人和足球运动员，多年来一直住在托布基清真寺附近的阁楼里，在那里教孩子们读书。

Obviously he had been galvanised by the American invasion and his imprisonment⁵ in 2004 at Camp Bucca, where he taught the other yellow-clad inmates⁶ so serenely⁷ that his crusader-captors thought him no threat, and let him out. But his interest in the strict imposition of Islamic law came earlier. At university, prompted by an uncle, he had joined a jihadist-Salafist wing of the Muslim Brotherhood⁸. Long before that in the Samarra mosque he would devoutly⁹ clean and sweep, aware that his ancestors had won respect for doing that task. He would chastise¹⁰ his neighbours for their un-Islamic smoking, tattoos¹¹, or dancing with women.

很明显，易卜拉欣一直在美国的入侵中和2004年在布卡监狱的经历中学习，在那里，他平静地教导其他身穿黄色囚服的囚犯，以致于俘获他的十字军战士认为他没有威胁性，就把他放了出去。但是他对严格执行伊斯兰法律的兴趣之前就有了。在大学，在一位叔叔的鼓励下，易卜拉欣加入了一个穆斯林兄弟会的圣战萨拉菲派。在那之前很久，他就在萨马拉清真寺虔诚地打扫卫生，心中知道他的祖先已经因做这件事赢得了尊重。他会因为邻居抽烟、纹身、和女人跳舞等不符合伊斯兰教义的行为而惩罚他们。

Friends called him "The Believer", and he could unsettle them with his stare long before he had power enough to order the killing¹² of anyone who defied him. Time and again his Mosul sermon nodded to history and to the Prophet. That was the difference he, a scholar, made to the jihadist movement. He was not an engineer like Osama Bin¹³ Laden¹⁴ or a doctor like Ayman al-Zawahiri, both leaders of al-Qaeda. He brought intellectual weight, as well as the membership he claimed in the Qurayshi tribe, descendants of the Prophet. When he spoke at Mosul he wore black robes to evoke¹⁵ the Abbasids, the most powerful caliphs of early Islam.

朋友们称他为“信徒”，在他有权力下令杀死任何蔑视他的人很久之前，他会用自己的凝视使他们感到不安。易卜拉欣在摩苏尔的布道一次又一次地向先知致敬。这就是身为一个学者的他为圣战运动带来的改变。他不像奥萨马·本拉登那样是个工程师，也不像阿伊曼·阿尔-扎瓦希里那样是个医生，他们两位都是基地组织的领袖。易卜拉欣带来了知识的重量，以及他声称的库拉伊什部落的成员，先知的后代。当他在摩苏尔讲话时，他身着黑色长袍，以唤起人们对阿巴斯王朝的记忆。阿巴斯王朝是早期伊斯兰最强大的哈里发。

1 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

2 warrior   

n.勇士，武士，斗士

参考例句：

• The young man is a bold warrior.这个年轻人是个很英勇的武士。
• A true warrior values glory and honor above life.一个真正的勇士珍视荣誉胜过生命。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

5 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

6 inmates   

n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• One of the inmates has escaped. 被收容的人中有一个逃跑了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The inmates were moved to an undisclosed location. 监狱里的囚犯被转移到一个秘密处所。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 serenely   

adv.安详地，宁静地，平静地

参考例句：

• The boat sailed serenely on towards the horizon.小船平稳地向着天水交接处驶去。
• It was a serenely beautiful night.那是一个宁静美丽的夜晚。

8 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

9 devoutly   

adv.虔诚地，虔敬地，衷心地

参考例句：

• She was a devoutly Catholic. 她是一个虔诚地天主教徒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This was not a boast, but a hope, at once bold and devoutly humble. 这不是夸夸其谈，而是一个即大胆而又诚心、谦虚的希望。 来自辞典例句

10 chastise   

vt.责骂，严惩

参考例句：

• My father used to chastise my brothers with whips.父亲过去常以鞭打惩罚我的兄弟。
• Should I applaud my husband or chastise him?我是该称赞还是责罚我的丈夫呢？

11 tattoos   

n.文身( tattoo的名词复数 )；归营鼓；军队夜间表演操；连续有节奏的敲击声v.刺青，文身( tattoo的第三人称单数 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击

参考例句：

• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的胳膊上刺满了花纹。
• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的双臂刺满了纹身。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

13 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

14 laden   

adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的

参考例句：

• He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

15 evoke   

vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

参考例句：

• These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
• Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。