2020年经济学人 数字金融服务如何掠夺穷人(1)

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand.

对于那些想要帮助贫穷国家中最贫穷者的人来说，手机就像一根魔杖。

Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—

移动货币账户帮助实现了“普惠金融”——

making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.

使数千万没有银行账户的手机用户可以使用金融服务。但它们也有缺点。

The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud.

数字金融服务伤害穷人最明显的方式就是让他们更容易遭受欺诈。

Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP),

扶贫协商小组（CGAP）——

a consortium of donors¹ affiliated² to the World Bank,

世界银行下属的一个捐赠财团，

found that in the Philippines 83% of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17% losing money.

发现在菲律宾，83%的受访者曾是手机诈骗的目标，其中17%遭受了损失。

In Tanzania, 27% had been targeted and 17% fleeced; in Ghana, 56% and 12%.

在坦桑尼亚，27%的人被盯上，17%被敲诈；在加纳，占比分别为56%和12%。

For the most basic deceptions³, a thief needs only a phone number.

对于最基本的欺骗而言，小偷只需要一个电话号码。

A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it.

一条短信可能祝贺你中奖，而你只需要出一点钱就可以解锁奖励。

Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed⁴ to somebody else.

你的身份可能会遭到盗窃以让你负责偿还别人的贷款。

An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card.

冒名顶替者可能会在你注册新SIM卡时盗取你的移动货币账户。

Or your account's security code— the PIN—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent

或者你的账户安全码（PIN码）可能会被移动货币代理泄露

(one of the millions of small traders whose business includes turning mobile money into hard cash).

（货币代理是数百万个小型交易商之一，他们的业务包括将移动货币转化为现金）。

The poor may be especially susceptible⁵ to such scams.

穷人可能特别容易受到这种骗局的影响。

They are more likely to be relatively⁶ new both to the online world and to formal financial services.

他们可能会网络世界和正规金融服务相对了解较少。

And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.

并且他们也不太可能拥有装有复杂安全软件的智能手机。

It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone.

被偷走的不仅仅是钱。储存在手机上的所有其他数据都会被偷走。

Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners.

然而，通常情况下，很多东西已经被它的主人免费赠送出去了。

Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data.

很多“免费的”应用实际上是以客户数据换取的。

In every country people gaily⁷ sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons

在每个国家，人们在没有理解甚至没有阅读同意协议的情况下，

without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to.

通过点击同意按钮愉快地签字放弃了他们的隐私权。

1 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

3 deceptions   

欺骗( deception的名词复数 )； 骗术，诡计

参考例句：

• Nobody saw through Mary's deceptions. 无人看透玛丽的诡计。
• There was for him only one trustworthy road through deceptions and mirages. 对他来说只有一条可靠的路能避开幻想和错觉。

4 disbursed   

v.支出，付出( disburse的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• In the 2000—2008 school year, $426.5 million was disbursed to 349085 students. 2000至2008学年，共有349085名学生获发津贴，总额达4.265亿元。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bank has disbursed over $350m for the project. 银行已经为这个项目支付了超过3.5亿美元。 来自辞典例句

5 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

6 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

7 gaily   

adv.欢乐地，高兴地

参考例句：

• The children sing gaily.孩子们欢唱着。
• She waved goodbye very gaily.她欢快地挥手告别。