2020年经济学人 印度银行——延期偿付(2)

Banks' earnings¹ reports for the second quarter, released over the past two weeks,

在过去两周发布的银行第二季度财报表明，

suggest that the take-up of the schemes may well have reflected the exigencies² of lockdown.

这些方案的实施或许很好地反映了封锁的紧迫性。

Axis³ Bank and ICICI, large private lenders, reported that loans held under moratorium⁴ had fallen from 30% in April to under 20% in June;

大型私有银行，艾克塞斯银和印度工业信贷投资银行（ICICI）报道称，延期偿付下所持有的贷款从四月的30%降至6月的20%；

Kotak Mahindra reported a fall from 26% to 10%.

科塔克马辛德拉银行报告称，从26%降至10%。

State-owned banks are only beginning to release their earnings, but their use of the moratorium seems likely to have fallen too.

国有银行才刚开始公布他们的收益，但其延期偿付的申请率似乎也下降了。

Analysts⁶ are now asking whether loans and interest obligations will be fully⁷ repaid once the moratorium ends.

分析师正在询问，一旦延期偿付结束，是否需要全额偿还贷款和利息债务。

The RBI predicts that non-performing assets, as a share of the total, could rise from 8.5% in March to 12.5% in 2021.

RBI预测，无盈利效能的资产占总资产的比例，将从3月份的8.5%上升到2021年的12.5%。

It reckons this could exceed 16% for public-sector banks in a "severely⁸ stressed" scenario⁹,

其认为，在“极度压力”的情况中，公共部门银行的这一比例可能会超过16%，

which would surely push some banks' capital ratios below regulatory requirements.

这肯定会将一些银行的资本比率压至监管要求以下。

Shaktikanta Das, the RBI's governor, urged banks to "proactively augment¹⁰" capital now, rather than waiting for shortfalls to be revealed later.

RBI行长Shaktikanta Das敦促各银行现在就“主动增加”资本，而不是等着以后出现短缺。

On July 27th Fitch, a rating agency, was blunter, warning that "state banks face solvency¹¹ risk without fresh capital injections".

7月27日，评级机构惠誉国际直率地警告称，“如果没有新的注资，国有银行将面临偿付风险”。

How much capital is needed is unclear, given the uncertainty¹² over loan losses.

考虑到贷款损失的不确定性，需要多少资金尚不清楚。

In April Prakhar Sharma, an analyst⁵ at Jefferies, an investment bank,

四月，投资银行杰富瑞的一名分析师Prakhar Sharma称，

put the fresh capital needed by the public banks at 889bn rupees ($12bn) and at half that for the private lenders.

国有银行所需新资本为8890亿卢比（合120亿美元），私有银行为这个数字的一半。

Some banks are beginning to prepare themselves: Kotak Mahindra raised nearly $1bn in May;

一些银行开始做准备：科塔克马辛德拉银行在五月筹集到了近10亿美元；

ICICI plans to seek a similar amount, as does the State Bank of India, the country's largest lender.

ICICI计划寻求类似金额，该国最大银行——印度国家银行也如此。

But many of India's weaker banks, saddled with legacy¹³ problems and uncertain loan losses, are likely to attract scant¹⁴ interest from investors¹⁵.

但印度很多实力较弱的银行，背负着遗留问题和不确定的贷款损失，他们可能难以吸引投资者的兴趣。

Much of the RBI's early response to the pandemic involved protecting borrowers.

RBI应对疫情的反应大多涉及保护借款方。

It may yet find itself being forced to step in to save some lenders.

它可能发现自己会被迫介入以拯救一些贷款方。

1 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

2 exigencies   

n.急切需要

参考例句：

• Many people are forced by exigencies of circumstance to take some part in them. 许多人由于境况所逼又不得不在某种程度上参与这种活动。
• The people had to accept the harsh exigencies of war. 人们要承受战乱的严酷现实。

3 axis   

n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线

参考例句：

• The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles.地轴是南北极之间的线。
• The axis of a circle is its diameter.圆的轴线是其直径。

4 moratorium   

n.(行动、活动的)暂停(期)，延期偿付

参考例句：

• The government has called for a moratorium on weapons testing.政府已要求暂停武器试验。
• We recommended a moratorium on two particular kinds of experiments.我们建议暂禁两种特殊的实验。

5 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

6 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

7 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

8 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

9 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

10 augment   

vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张

参考例句：

• They hit upon another idea to augment their income.他们又想出一个增加收入的办法。
• The government's first concern was to augment the army and auxiliary forces.政府首先关心的是增强军队和辅助的力量。

11 solvency   

n.偿付能力，溶解力

参考例句：

• Fears about the solvency of the banks precipitated the great economic crash.对银行偿付能力出现恐慌更加速了经济的崩溃。
• Their targets,including profitability ratios,solvency ratios,asset management ratios.其指标包括盈利比率、偿债能力比率、资产管理比率。

12 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

13 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

14 scant   

adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略

参考例句：

• Don't scant the butter when you make a cake.做糕饼时不要吝惜奶油。
• Many mothers pay scant attention to their own needs when their children are small.孩子们小的时候，许多母亲都忽视自己的需求。

15 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会