2020年经济学人 新冠疫情——检验资本主义的工具(2)

During the pandemic, CMES such as Germany have generally had a more coherent strategy for containing the spread of the virus.

在疫情期间，CMES，如德国，通常有一套更协调一致的策略来遏制病毒的传播。

Lockdowns may not seem like incremental¹ change, but reducing working hours to limit social contact,

封锁或许看似不像是渐进性创新，但当已经建立了允许集体行动的机构时，

apportioning² the costs across society and gaining public consent for restrictive measures are all easier

减少工作时长以限制社会接触、分摊社会成本以及

when there are already institutions in place which allow collective action.

获取公众对限制性措施的同意就更加容易了。

Success may be generated more by unity³ and consistency⁴ than by the strength of the intervention⁵ that is chosen.

成功可能更多地来自团结和一致，而不是所选择的干预力量。

For instance, Sweden was able to muster⁶ high levels of public support for its unorthodox—but incrementally⁷ innovative—

例如，瑞典能够召集高水平的公众支持其非常规但渐进的创新策略，

strategy of avoiding lockdowns entirely⁸ and relying on voluntary social distancing.

即完全避免封锁并依赖自愿社交距离的策略。

Co-ordinated economies are well equipped to handle co-ordination problems, such as promoting public health.

协调性经济体完全有能力处理协调问题，比如促进公共卫生。

By contrast, America's and Britain's virus-containment strategies can seem disjointed and occasionally chaotic⁹.

相比之下，美国和英国的病毒抑制策略似乎是脱节的，有时甚至是混乱的。

As swashbuckling LMES, however, they are more likely to be the source of the most transformative innovations in the pandemic: treatments and vaccines¹⁰.

然而，作为虚张声势的LMES，他们更有可能成为疫情中最具变革性创新的来源：治疗方法和疫苗。

Of 34 vaccine¹¹ candidates tracked by the World Health Organisation¹², only four are in CMES;

世界卫生组织跟踪的34个候选疫苗中，仅有四个来自CMES；

LMES have 13 (AstraZeneca, an AngloSwedish drugmaker working with Oxford¹³ University, straddles both categories).

LMES有13个（AstraZeneca，一家与牛津大学合作的英语-瑞典制药商，跨越了这两种类别）。

It was British researchers who discovered the effectiveness of dexamethasone, a cheap drug, in treating covid-19 patients who are admitted to hospital.

是英国研究员发现了一种便宜的药物——地塞米松在治愈入院新冠病人方面的有效性。

The other leading candidate for effective drug treatment, remdesivir, is American.

有效治疗药物的另一种主要候选药物瑞德西韦是美国的。

In a provocative¹⁴ Bloomberg column earlier this year Tyler Cowen, an economist¹⁵ at George Mason University,

在彭博一篇煽动性的专栏中，乔治梅森大学的一位经济学家Tyler Cowen辩称，

argued that Britain, despite its high death count, had done more than any other country to stop the spread of the virus.

尽管死亡人数很高，但英国在阻止病毒传播方面做得比其他任何国家都多。

The differences between models of capitalism¹⁶ are also apparent in economic trends.

各资本主义模式之间的差异在经济趋势上也很明显。

To the extent that the pandemic brings about permanent structural¹⁷ change, LMES seem better placed to adapt.

在疫情带来的永久性的结构性改变方面，LMES似乎更能适应。

Anglo-Saxon firms have embraced a move towards more home working; France and Germany seem more resistant¹⁸.

盎格鲁-撒克逊公司已经接受了更多在家工作的趋势；法国和德国似乎更抗拒。

The shift to online retail¹⁹ has been faster in liberal economies, too.

在自由经济国家，向在线零售的转变也更快。

1 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

2 apportioning   

vt.分摊，分配（apportion的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• There is still no law apportioning Iraq's oil resources. 关于一如何分配石油还是没有法律出台。 来自互联网
• The act or a round of apportioning or distributing. 分布或散布或分配的行为。 来自互联网

3 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

4 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

5 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

6 muster   

v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册

参考例句：

• Go and muster all the men you can find.去集合所有你能找到的人。
• I had to muster my courage up to ask him that question.我必须鼓起勇气向他问那个问题。

7 incrementally   

adv.逐渐地

参考例句：

• Incrementally update the shared dimensions used in this cube. 增量更新此多维数据集中使用的共享维度。 来自互联网
• Grand goals are inspiring, but be sure to approach them incrementally. 辉煌的目标令人鼓舞，但一定要逐步实现。 来自互联网

8 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

9 chaotic   

adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的

参考例句：

• Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
• The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

10 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

11 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

12 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

13 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

14 provocative   

adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的

参考例句：

• She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
• His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。

15 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

16 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

17 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

18 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

19 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。