美国国家公共电台 NPR 拜登将重启“留在墨西哥”政策

A border policy created during the Trump¹ administration will restart as soon as Monday.

特朗普政府期间制定的一项边境政策最快将于周一重启。

The so-called Remain in Mexico policy forces asylum²-seekers to wait in Mexico before their hearings in U.S. immigration courts.

所谓的“留在墨西哥”（Remain in Mexico）政策迫使寻求庇护者在美国移民法院举行听证会之前在墨西哥等待。

White House press secretary Jen Psaki said the Biden administration tried to end the policy.

白宫新闻秘书珍·普萨基表示，拜登政府试图结束这一政策。

Deeply flawed.That's why we stopped enrolling³ individuals in the program on day one and subsequently issued a memorandum⁴ in June terminating the program.

漏洞百出。这就是为什么我们在项目的第一天就停止了个人登记，随后在6月发布了一份备忘录，终止了这个项目。

But a federal court ordered the administration to revive it earlier this year, and now the United States and Mexico have reached a deal to do just that.

但今年早些时候，一家联邦法院命令政府重启该法案，现在美国和墨西哥已经达成协议重启法案。

So, no surprise, the Biden administration does not like this policy.

因此，拜登政府不喜欢这一政策也就不足为奇了。

Did they have any say in it being brought back?

他们对恢复这项政策有什么发言吗？

Well, Biden administration officials insist that they're doing this under duress⁵, as you heard.

拜登政府官员坚称，他们是在胁迫下这么做的，正如你听到的。

I mean, they continue to argue that Remain in Mexico was a flawed policy.

他们继续辩称“留在墨西哥”是一项有缺陷的政策。

But a federal judge ordered them to restart it anyway, so administration officials say they're just following that order in good faith.

但一名联邦法官命令他们无论如何都要重新启动，所以政府官员表示，他们只是真诚地遵循这一命令。

However, immigration advocates are not totally convinced.

然而，移民倡导者并没有完全被说服。

I mean, there are some who think the administration really wants to deter⁶ migrants from seeking asylum at the border for political reasons and that they're using this judge's order as cover to do that.

我的意思是，有些人认为政府出于政治原因真的想阻止移民在边境寻求庇护，他们利用这名法官的命令作为掩护。

Could you remind us of the origins of Remain in Mexico?

你能提醒我们一下“留在墨西哥”的起源吗？

Sure.The policy began under former President Trump.

好的。这项政策始于前总统特朗普时期。

About 70,000 migrants were returned to Mexico under this policy.

根据这项政策，大约有7万名移民返回墨西哥。

Many of them lived in makeshift tent camps or in dangerous border towns where they were targets for kidnapping and violence.

他们中的许多人住在临时帐篷营地或危险的边境城镇，在那里他们成为绑架和暴力的目标。

President Biden tried to end the program, but the states of Texas and Missouri went to court.

拜登总统试图结束该项目，但德克萨斯州和密苏里州告上了法庭。

They argued that the administration had ended the policy unlawfully.

他们争辩说，政府已经非法终止了这项政策。

And they also argue that was one reason why border arrests rose this year to historic levels.

他们还认为，这也是今年边境逮捕人数上升到历史水平的原因之一。

A federal judge, who was appointed by the way by President Trump, agreed and ordered the Biden administration to restart the program.

特朗普总统顺便任命的一名联邦法官同意并下令拜登政府重启该项目。

So for months now, the U.S. and Mexico have been negotiating over how to do that with what they call key changes to address humanitarian⁷ concerns.

几个月来，美国和墨西哥一直在就如何实现这一目标进行谈判，他们称这是解决人道主义问题的关键改变。

What kind of changes?

什么样的改变？

Well, so the new version of Remain in Mexico will expand the number of "vulnerable migrants," quote-unquote, who will be excluded from the program.

嗯，所以新版本的“留在墨西哥”将扩大“脆弱移民”的数量，引用引述的话说，他们将被排除在该项目之外。

Migrants in the program are supposed to have better access to lawyers and more security in Mexico.

参与该项目的移民在墨西哥应该有更好的机会接触律师，也有更多的安全保障。

And they'll also be offered the COVID-19 vaccine⁸ if they want it.

如果他们想要冠状病毒疫苗，他们也会被提供。

I remember covering Remain in Mexico, and it did feel very unsafe.

我记得“留在墨西哥”的报道，确实感觉非常不安全。

I wonder at this point, with those changes, do immigrant advocates say this will get better?

在这一点上，我想知道，随着这些变化，移民倡导者是否会说这种情况会变得更好？

No, in a word. I mean, I talked to Eleanor Acer at Human Rights First, which is the nonprofit that documented more than 1,500 violent attacks on migrants in Remain in Mexico.

不，简言之。 我采访了非营利组织“人权第一”的埃莉诺·阿克尔，该组织记录了超过1500多起针对针对“留在墨西哥”移民的暴力袭击事件。

Here's some of what she said.

以下是她说的一些话。

The program is designed to return people to a place where their lives are in danger, to prevent them from having meaningful access to counsel, and no amount of lip service to legal representation and due process can erase⁹ that reality.

这个项目的目的是让人们回到使他们生命处于危险之中的地方，阻止他们有意义地接触律师，无论对法律代表和正当程序说多少空话都无法抹去这一现实。

You know, advocates are also unhappy with another change this time around.

你知道，倡导者也对这一次的另一个改变感到不满。

All migrants from the Western Hemisphere are included in the Remain in Mexico policy.

所有来自西半球的移民都包括在“留在墨西哥”的政策中。

Originally, Mexico only agreed to take back Spanish-speaking migrants.

最初，墨西哥只同意接收说西班牙语的移民。

But now that is expanding to include Haitians and Brazilians.

但现在这一数字正在扩大，包括海地人和巴西人。

You know, and to immigrant advocates, this is another sign that this is really all about deterrence¹⁰, no matter how the administration wants to frame it.

对于移民倡导者来说，这是另一个迹象，表明无论政府想要如何拟订定这一项目，这实际上都是为了威慑。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

3 enrolling   

v.招收( enrol的现在分词 )；吸收；入学；加入；[亦作enrol]( enroll的现在分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They lashed out at the university enrolling system. 他们猛烈抨击大学的招生制度。 来自辞典例句
• You're enrolling in a country club, Billy. 你是注册加入乡村俱乐部了，比利。 来自辞典例句

4 memorandum   

n.备忘录，便笺

参考例句：

• The memorandum was dated 23 August,2008.备忘录上注明的日期是2008年8月23日。
• The Secretary notes down the date of the meeting in her memorandum book.秘书把会议日期都写在记事本上。

5 duress   

n.胁迫

参考例句：

• He claimed that he signed the confession under duress.他说他是被迫在认罪书上签字的。
• These unequal treaties were made under duress.这些不平等条约是在强迫下签订的。

6 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

7 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

8 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

9 erase   

v.擦掉；消除某事物的痕迹

参考例句：

• He tried to erase the idea from his mind.他试图从头脑中抹掉这个想法。
• Please erase my name from the list.请把我的名字从名单上擦去。

10 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。