2019年CRI 中国就业率居于稳定

The latest figures from the statistics bureau show that at the end of last year, 776 million people in China were employed, accounting¹ for more than half of the total population. Secondary industries accounted for 27.6 percent of employment, while the service industries accounted for 46 percent.

In terms of unemployment, China's surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 4.9 percent last year, well below the government's annual target of 5.5 percent. To put that in context, the country's urban unemployment rate reached 23.6 percent when the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

Wang Jun, the chief economist² with the Zhong Yuan Bank, said employment is the foundation of people's livelihood³.

"Keeping people employed contributes not only to China's economic growth, but also to the global economy. Since the reform and opening up started, the country's employment structure has been constantly optimized⁴ and improved. Hundreds of millions of surplus rural laborers⁶ have moved into non-agricultural industries. Now, China has completed its initial industrialization and is advancing towards the market orientation⁷ of the tertiary and service sectors⁹."

China's economy has accelerated over the past seven decades, with gross domestic product rising at an average annual rate of 8.1 percent.

China's GDP hit 90 trillion yuan, or about 13 trillion U.S. dollars, in 2018, accounting for 16 percent of the world's total. This posed a sharp contrast to the country's economy in 1952 when its GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. Gross national income per person reached over 9,700 U.S. dollars in 2018, higher than the average level in middle-income countries.

Wang Jun said economic growth creates new employment opportunities.

"Past experience tells us that a percentage point of economic growth can create about 8 million or 9 million new jobs. But in recent years, we can still achieve the same result with a lower level of economic growth. This is principally because the quality of the economic growth is improving and the economic structure is being upgraded."

13 million new jobs have been created in Chinese cities each year over the past six years in a row. The service industry is absorbing a growing amount of the labor⁵ force, especially through small and medium-Sized enterprises in the private sector⁸. The digital economy provided 191 million jobs last year, representing a quarter of total employment.

Chang Kai is with the School of Labor and Personnel at Renmin University.

"The e-commerce market is creating numerous new jobs in China. China is in a leading position in terms of Internet-related jobs. This new trend is having a positive effect on economic growth and employment."

Thanks to the country's sustained efforts to encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, newly registered enterprises surged 10 percent year on year, with 6.7 million new companies established throughout 2018.

For CRI, I'm Shang Yi.

国家统计局日前公布的最新数据显示，2018年末，中国就业人员增加到7.76亿，占总人口数一半以上；其中第二产业就业占比为27.6%，服务业占比为46%。

失业率方面，2018年末，全国城镇调查失业率为4.9%，远低于政府5.5%的年度目标。下面来说明一下背景，新中国成立之初也就是1949年底，中国城镇失业率高达23.6%。

中原银行首席经济学家王军认为，就业是人民生活的基础。

“十几亿人口的就业不仅对中国的经济繁荣，对于全球来讲也是非常重要的贡献。随着经济发展，特别是改革开放的进行，就业结构也在不断优化和改善。大量的农村数以亿计的富余劳动力在不断向第二产业，第三产业转移。中国已经初步完成了工业化进程，现在朝着第三产业、服务业化坚定地迈进。”

中国经济在过去七十年中加速增长，国内生产总值年均增长率为8.1%。

2018年中国国内生产总值达到90万亿美元，约合13万亿美元，占世界总量的16%。这与1952年的国家经济形成鲜明对比，当时国内生产总值仅为679亿元。2018年中国人均国民总收入超过9700美元，高于中等收入国家平均水平。

王军表示，经济增长创造了新的就业机会。

“过去我们可能有一些经验，比如说经济增长一个百分点，可能会带来800万或者900万的就业，近年来，我们已经可以用较低的经济增速带来同样的就业规模。这实际上也从另一个侧面反映了当前中国一方面经济总量在增长，另一方面经济结构也在不断优化。”

中国城镇新增就业连续6年每年超过1300万人。服务业正在吸收越来越多的劳动力，民营经济和中小微企业成为吸纳就业的主渠道。去年，数字经济提供了1.91亿个就业岗位，占总就业人数的四分之一。

常凯是中国人民大学劳动人事学院劳动关系研究所所长。

“电子商务市场正在中国创造大量新的就业机会。而且这方面的就业人员在全球范围内，中国的数量也是最突出的。新的就业方式对经济发展和促进就业起到积极作用。”

由于中国持续努力鼓励大规模创业和创新，新注册企业同比增长10%，2018年新建公司达670万家。

CRI新闻，商毅（音译）报道。

1 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

2 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

3 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

4 optimized   

adj.最佳化的，（使）最优化的v.使最优化，使尽可能有效( optimize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我们常常被问到这样的问题：消费类网站究竟应该为新手而优化，还是应该为中间用户而优化？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 优化了GOOGLE广告位排列顺序，大大增加了广告效果。 来自互联网

5 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

6 laborers   

n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工

参考例句：

• Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言

7 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

8 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

9 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》