国家地理 移植的脸如何改变了一名女子的生活(7)

The bullet was a pernicious thief. To get a measure of what it stole from Katie, hold your hands up to your face, palms out, your thumbs touching¹ beneath your chin and your index fingers touching between your eyebrows². Your hands are framing the part of Katie's face she lost. Gone were part of her forehead; her nose and sinuses; her mouth, except for the corners of her lips; and much of her mandible and maxilla, the bones that make up the jaws³ and front of the face. Her eyes remained, but they were askew⁴ and badly damaged.

那颗子弹就像是个恶毒的小偷。要想知道它从凯蒂身上偷了什么东西，把你的手举到脸上，伸出手掌，大拇指按在下巴下面，食指碰触到眉毛之间。你的手就勾勒出凯蒂失去的那张脸。她前额的一部分不见了，失去了鼻子、鼻窦嘴巴（除了嘴角）以及大部分下颌骨和上颌骨，这些骨头组成了她的下颚和脸的前部。她的眼睛还在，但已经歪了，而且严重受损。

This is how Katie arrived more than five weeks later at the clinic, which was founded in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1921 by four doctors, three of whom had served together during World War I and had come home inspired by the military model of teamwork among specialists. In Memphis, Tennessee, where Katie was first operated on, doctors had saved her life against all odds⁵, but their attempt to cover the gaping⁶ wound with a tissue graft⁷ from her abdomen⁸ hadn't worked.

这就是凯蒂受伤5周后来到克利夫兰诊所时的场景。1921年，四名医生在俄亥俄州创立了克利夫兰诊所，其中三人曾在第一次世界大战期间共同服役，并将军队中专家团队合作的模式发扬光大。凯蒂在田纳西州的孟菲斯接受了第一次手术，当时医生们不惜一切代价挽救了她的生命，但他们试图用腹部组织移植来覆盖裂开的伤口时却没有成功。

Brian Gastman, the first clinic doctor to see Katie, lifted her onto a gurney and wondered if she would make it. She was so tiny. Just 105 pounds. Even if she survived, he wasn't sure she would have enough tissue for all the reconstructive work he needed to do. "It was not great," he said. "Her brain was basically exposed, and I mean, we're talking seizures⁹ and infections and all kinds of problems. Forget the face transplant; we're talking about just being alive."

布莱恩·加斯特曼是第一个见到凯蒂的诊所医生，他把她抬到轮床上，想知道她是否能活下来。她是如此瘦弱，体重只有50公斤。即使凯蒂活了下来，加斯特曼也不确定她是否有足够的组织来进行需要的所有整形努力。他说：“情况不太好，她的大脑基本上已经暴露出来。我的意思是，可能会出现癫痫、感染和各种各样的问题。忘记换脸手术吧，我们只能确保她活着。”

In his 27 years of training and practice, Gastman said, this was one of the worst face traumas¹⁰ he'd ever encountered. Beyond the wound to her face, she had traumatic brain injury from the bullet's concussive force to her frontal lobe¹¹, optic nerve, and pituitary gland¹². The damage to her pituitary threw her hormones¹³ and sodium¹⁴ levels out of whack¹⁵, which can be deadly. Taking charge of Katie's care, Gastman organized a multidisciplinary team of 15 specialists to address all her issues, from endocrinology to psychiatry¹⁶.

加斯特曼说，在他27年的培训和实践中，这是他所遇到的最严重的面部创伤之一。除了脸上的伤口，凯蒂的脑外伤也很严重，因为子弹的震荡力量伤及到她的额叶、视神经和脑下垂体。脑下垂体的损伤使她的荷尔蒙和钠含量失衡，这可能是致命的。加斯特曼负责凯蒂的治疗，他组织了一个由15名专家组成的多学科小组来处理她所有的问题，从内分泌到精神病学。

1 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

2 eyebrows   

眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Eyebrows stop sweat from coming down into the eyes. 眉毛挡住汗水使其不能流进眼睛。
• His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。

3 jaws   

n.口部；嘴

参考例句：

• The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. 那只羚羊无法从鱷鱼张开的大口中逃脱。
• The scored jaws of a vise help it bite the work. 台钳上有刻痕的虎钳牙帮助它紧咬住工件。

4 askew   

adv.斜地；adj.歪斜的

参考例句：

• His glasses had been knocked askew by the blow.他的眼镜一下子被打歪了。
• Her hat was slightly askew.她的帽子戴得有点斜。

5 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

6 gaping   

adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大

参考例句：

• Ahead of them was a gaping abyss. 他们前面是一个巨大的深渊。
• The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. 那只羚羊无法从鱷鱼张开的大口中逃脱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 graft   

n.移植，嫁接，艰苦工作，贪污；v.移植，嫁接

参考例句：

• I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
• The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。

8 abdomen   

n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

参考例句：

• How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫？
• He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。

9 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

10 traumas   

n.心灵创伤( trauma的名词复数 )；损伤；痛苦经历；挫折

参考例句：

• She felt exhausted after the traumas of recent weeks. 她经受了最近几个星期的痛苦之后感到精疲力竭。
• Conclusion: Safety lens of spectacles can protect the occurrence of ocular traumas. 结论：安全镜片可以预防眼镜碎片所致的眼外伤。 来自互联网

11 lobe   

n.耳垂，（肺，肝等的）叶

参考例句：

• Tiny electrical sensors are placed on your scalp and on each ear lobe.小电器传感器放置在您的头皮和对每个耳垂。
• The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for controlling movement.大脑前叶的功能是控制行动。

12 gland   

n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖

参考例句：

• This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。
• Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。

13 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

14 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

15 whack   

v.敲击，重打，瓜分；n.重击，重打，尝试，一份

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• He gave me a whack on the back to wake me up.他为把我弄醒，在我背上猛拍一下。

16 psychiatry   

n.精神病学，精神病疗法

参考例句：

• The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
• A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。