国家地理 你的医疗未来(7)

Some technologies dramatically enhance the accuracy and speed of clinicians' efforts. Identifying a bacterial¹ or viral infection, and the best drugs to treat it, can mean long waits for blood cultures. But scientists have developed biochips that can do a complete microbial scan in a couple of hours, without culturing -- and in the process may identify mutations that make some microbes antibiotic² resistant³.

一些科技大幅提高了临床医师工作的准确度与速度。为了辨识细菌或病毒感染，以及找出最佳药物进行治疗，可能得花上长时间等待血液培养。但科学家已经开发出一种生物芯片，可在几个小时内完成微生物扫描--无需人工培养--而且在这个过程中还可能辨识出让某些微生物具有抗药性的突变。

The boom in research into the human microbiome -- the trillions of bacteria on and in each individual's body -- is encouraging new modes of diagnosis⁴ and increasing understanding. Genetic⁵ analysis could help unlock the many secrets of the gut⁶ microbiome, believed to play a role in the risk and development of obesity⁷, inflammatory bowel⁸ disease, cardiovascular disease, and even neurologic conditions.

针对人体微生物群系（每个人体表和体内所存在的数兆只细菌）的研究正蓬勃发展，衍生出新的诊断模式和知识。遗传分析可以帮助解开肠道菌群的许多秘密，这些菌群可能是肥胖、炎症性肠病、心血管疾病甚至神经疾病的风险和发作的影响因子。

Thanks to artificial intelligence and machine learning, diagnostic tools can be trained to read tissue samples and radiologic scans. Google researchers fed more than a quarter-million patients' retinal scans into algorithms that recognize patterns -- and the technology "learned" to spot which patterns predict a patient has high blood pressure or is at increased risk for heart attack or stroke. In some comparisons, digital tools produced more accurate analyses than did human pathologists, dermatologists⁹, or radiologists.

由于人工智能与机器学习，我们可以训练诊断工具来读取组织样本和放射性扫描。Google研究人员把超过25万名患者的视网膜扫描输入算法来辨识模式，而算法会“学习”识别哪些模式可以预测出患者罹患高血压，或者罹患心脏病或中风的风险将愈来愈高。在一些比较中，数字工具产生的分析结果，比人类病理学家、皮肤科医师或放射科医生更加准确。

1 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

2 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

3 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

4 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

5 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

6 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

7 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

8 bowel   

n.肠(尤指人肠)；内部，深处

参考例句：

• Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men.女性比男性更易患肠易激综合征。
• Have you had a bowel movement today?你今天有排便吗？

9 dermatologists   

n.皮肤病学家( dermatologist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Today dermatologists agree that the experiments were not conducted well. 今天，皮肤病学者承认，当时的实验操作上有误。 来自互联网
• Dermatologists consistently recommend the low-cost old favorites, but of good-quality. 皮肤学家一致推荐物美价廉的老品牌。 来自互联网