华尔街的赚钱经 爱钱 更爱幸福(2)

Don't make money a top priority¹. People who say money is one of their most important goals score lower for mental health, according to a variety of studies conducted over the past decade by Dr. Tim Kasser, associate psychology² professor at Knox College, and Dr. Richard Ryan, psychology professor at the University of Rochester. Money-seekers suffer a greater risk of depression; have more anxiety and lower self-esteem; experience more physical, behavioral and relationship problems; and score lower on indicators³ testing for vitality⁴ (feeling alive and vigorousl and self-actualization. The problems were not caused by being affluent⁵ but by making money a primary goal in life.

不要把钱当做头等重要的事情。根据诺克斯大学心理学副教授提姆·卡塞博士和罗切斯特大学心理学教授理查德·赖安博士在过去十几年来的研究结果显示，那些把钱当做重要目标之一的人在心理健康方面的得分是较低的。这些人一般更容易情绪消沉，常常焦虑，只有少得可怜的自尊，并会导致身体、行为举止和人际关系方面的诸多问题。他们在生命力（感觉活泼和精力旺盛）和自我完善的测试中，往往也得分较低。以上种种问题并不是因为富裕本身引起的，而是由于这些人把金钱当做了人生的首要目标。

Be conscious of how you talk about money. The way we explain things to ourselves has a big impact on our happiness, says author David Myers, professor at Michigan's Hope College. Instead of saying, "I can't afford it," say, "I choose to spend my money on other things. n Think of yourself as an empowered person making wise choices based on your values and priorities-instead of a self-pitying victim who views life in terms of what she can't have.

知道怎样谈论金钱。密歇根的霍普学院的教授作家大卫说，我们向自己说明一件事情的方式对我们的幸福有很大的影响。“我买不起”换一句话可说成“我想把钱花在其他东西上。”把自己想象成一个有能力按照自己的价值观和偏好做出明智选择的人，而不是那个不能左右生活的自怨自艾的可怜虫。

Focus on essential psychological needs. Money scored last on the list of psychological needs that create happiness and fulfillment, according to a study by Kennon Sheldon, psychologist at the University of Missouri——Columbia. What are the four most essential needs? Autonomy-feeling your actions are self-chosen and setf-endorsed, competence-feeling effective in what you do; self-esteem; and a sense of closeness with others. The University of Chicago's National Opinion: Research Center found that people with five or more close friends are 50 percent more likely to describe themselves as "very happy" than respondents with fewer friends.

注重必要的心理需求。据密苏里州哥伦比亚大学的心理学者肯尼·谢尔登的研究显示，在那些能够创造幸福和成就感的心理需求列表中，金钱排在最后一位。最为必要的4个需求是什么?自治一一感觉你的行动都是自己选择和自己认可的；能力——感觉自己所做得是有意义的；自尊；与他人亲密的感觉。芝加哥大学全国意见研究中心发现，那些拥有 5个或者更多亲密朋友的人比起那些朋友较少的人，在把自己描述为“非常快乐”的几率要高出50%。

Help others. Professor Lyubomirsky has done studies in which students Were asked to practice altruism⁶, doing five acts of kindness a week for six weeks. The participants reported a significant rise in happiness. Kind acts, she says, not only make you feel better about yourself, but foster⁷ a sense of interdependence and cooperation.

帮助他人。柳博米尔斯基教授曾做过这样的研究，让他的学生去练习帮助他人，在一周内做5件善事，连续做6周。这些参与者报告说他们的幸福感显著提高了。她说，友善的行为不仅仅让你自我感觉更好，并且培养了互相帮助、合作的意识。

1 priority   

n.优先处理的事，居先，优先（权）

参考例句：

• The development of the national economy is a top priority.发展国民经济是应予以最优先考虑的事。
• Things should be taken up in order of priority.办事应有个先后次序。

2 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

3 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

4 vitality   

n.活力，生命力，效力

参考例句：

• He came back from his holiday bursting with vitality and good health.他度假归来之后，身强体壮，充满活力。
• He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。

5 affluent   

adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的

参考例句：

• He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
• His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。

6 altruism   

n.利他主义，不自私

参考例句：

• An important feature of moral behaviour is altruism.道德行为一个重要特点就是利他主义。
• Altruism is crucial for social cohesion.利他主义对社会的凝聚是至关重要的。

7 foster   

vt.收养，培养，促进；adj.收养的，收养孩子的

参考例句：

• Nowadays young couple sometimes foster.现今年轻夫妇有时领养别人的孩子。
• The captain did his best to foster a sense of unity among the new recruits.队长尽力培养新成员之间的团结精神。