华盛顿邮报 美最高法院开审密西西比州堕胎法

The six conservative justices on the Supreme¹ Court signaled this week that they're likely to uphold the Mississippi law that mostly bans abortion² after 15 weeks of pregnancy³.

最高法院的六位保守派大法官本周表示，他们可能会支持密西西比州的法律，该法律主要禁止怀孕15周后堕胎。

The question now is how far they'll go.

现在的问题是他们会推进到哪里。

The Supreme Court is on the brink⁴ of a mess -- doctrinal, practical, and political -- and it's hard to see how it is going to extricate⁵ itself.

就理论，实际，和政治而言，最高法院正处于混乱的边缘，很难看出它将如何解救自己。

Overruling Roe⁶ would get the court largely out of the abortion-deciding business, but it would create a political firestorm just before the midterm elections.

否决罗伊案件的判决将使最高法院在很大程度上脱离堕胎裁决业务，但它将在中期选举之前引发一场政治风暴。

That's our guest, Ruth Marcus, The Post's deputy editorial page editor.

这位是我们的嘉宾，露丝·马库斯，《华盛顿邮报》社论版副主编。

Ruth's a Yale-educated and Harvard-trained lawyer.

露丝是一名受过耶鲁教育和哈佛培训的律师。

This week, she's out with a really important essay on the radicalization of the Supreme Court.

这周，她发表了一篇关于最高法院激进化的重要文章。

After the Court heard the most important case on reproductive rights in a generation, there was no one I wanted to discuss it with more than Ruth. Here's our conversation.

在最高法院审理了这一代人最重要的生殖权利案件后，我最想和露丝讨论这个问题。 这是我们的谈话。

Well, Ruth, this week, we saw the big, long-awaited Supreme Court oral arguments.

露丝，这周，我们观看了期待已久的最高法院口头辩论。

How nervous are you about the future of Roe v. Wade⁷ and Planned Parenthood v. Casey after listening to what transpired⁸ on Wednesday?

听了周三发生的事情后，你对罗伊诉韦德案（Roe v. Wade）和计划生育协会诉凯西案（ Planned Parenthood v. Casey ）的未来有多紧张?

As nervous as I've ever been. More nervous now, if that's possible, than I was before the oral argument.

我从来没有这么紧张过。如果这些成为可能的话，我现在比在口头陈述之前更紧张了。

I thought the advocates did a very good job of arguing against the Mississippi law, and I thought the argument went about as badly for them and for women across this country as it could have gone.

我认为倡导者在反对密西西比州法律方面做得非常好，我认为这场争论对他们和全国各地的女性来说都是最糟糕的。

Obviously, how the court chooses to uphold Mississippi's 15-week ban matters a great deal.

显然，法院选择如何支持密西西比州15周的禁令事关重大。

What are the options that the justices have, and why does it matter?

法官有哪些选择，为什么这很重要?

I thought, in a case where the advocates on either side could not have disagreed more, it was actually really remarkable⁹ that both the Solicitor¹⁰ General of Mississippi arguing to uphold the law and the lawyer for the Center for Constitutional Rights, arguing on behalf of the clinic against the law, actually both agreed that anything short of overruling Roe or upholding Roe wasn't going to be administrable in the future.

我认为，在任何一方的倡导者都不可能达成一致的情况下，密西西比州总检察长主张维护法律，宪法权利中心的律师代表诊所反对法律，实际上，双方都同意，除了否决罗伊案件或支持罗伊案件之外的任何事情在未来都是不可管理的。

There was going to be no way of logically, intellectually, coherently stopping at 15 weeks.

就从逻辑，理智，条理性而言，不可能在15周的时候就停止（堕胎）。

But I think that's not going to necessarily stop the Court.

不过我认为这并不一定会阻止最高法院。

It hasn't always in the past.

过去并非总是如此。

Here's what the Court can do.

以下是法院可以做的。

It can say, "Okay. Previously¹¹, we have applied¹² what we call this undue¹³-burden standard to restrictions¹⁴ on abortions¹⁵ before viability¹⁶."

它会说，“好的。 以前，我们已经将这种所谓的不适当负担标准应用于限制在胎儿存活前堕胎。”

So that could be things like you have to wait for 24 hours or 48 hours.

比如你需要等24小时或48小时。

You have to, if you're a woman seeking an abortion, the same doctor has to give you -- perform the sonogram as performs the abortion.

你必须，如果你是一个想要堕胎的女人，同一个医生必须给你做超声，就像做人流手术一样。

That doctor has to give you a description of what the procedure is and what the alternatives might be.

医生必须向你描述手术过程以及可能的替代方案。

Things like that. It could take that undue-burden standard and say, "Okay. Even though we've previously said that there can be no flat-out prohibition¹⁷ on abortion before viability," that is before 24 weeks, what they could say is, "All right."

类似这样的事情。它可以接受这个不适当的负担标准，然后说，“好吧。 即使我们之前说过不能完全禁止在胎儿存活之前堕胎”也就是在24周之前，他们会说“好吧。”

In the past, we have said that all prohibitions¹⁸ on abortion -- flat-out prohibitions as opposed to restrictions -- are unconstitutional until the point of viability.

过去，我们曾说过，所有关于堕胎的禁令——完全禁止而不是限制——在生命存在之前都是违宪的。

So, 15 weeks, it's not that much earlier than 24 weeks. It doesn't sound that bad to us.

15周，比24周早不了多少。 对我们来说没那么糟。

Most abortions, about 90% of them, take place in the first trimester in any event. So what's the big deal?

大多数的堕胎，大约90%都发生在妊娠的前三个月。这有什么大不了的?

The problem with that argument is, there are some women who are not able to obtain abortions before the end of the first trimester.

这种观点的问题在于，有些妇女在妊娠头三个月结束前无法堕胎。

There are some women who develop health problems or whose fetus¹⁹ is diagnosed with abnormalities into the second trimester.

有些妇女出现健康问题，或其胎儿在妊娠中期（六个月）被诊断出异常。

For those women, telling them they can't have an abortion at 15 weeks is an undue burden as well as for women who haven't been able to scrape together the money and time and everything else in order to obtain the abortion.

对这些妇女来说，在怀孕15周时告诉她们不能堕胎是一种不适当的负担，对那些无法筹集到金钱、时间和其他一切来获得堕胎的妇女来说也是如此。

So you could imagine, and listening to the Chief Justice, you could imagine him saying,

所以你可以想象，听首席法官说，你可以想象他说，

"Okay. We're not saying anything more.

“好的。我们什么都不说了。

We're going to just tell you that 15 weeks is fine, and we're going to leave everything else to the future."

我们会告诉你15周是可以的，我们会把其他的事情留给未来。”

But it is not a line that can coherently hold.

但这并不能贯彻到底。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

3 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

4 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

5 extricate   

v.拯救，救出；解脱

参考例句：

• How can we extricate the firm from this trouble?我们该如何承救公司脱离困境呢？
• She found it impossible to extricate herself from the relationship.她发现不可能把自己从这种关系中解脱出来。

6 roe   

n.鱼卵；獐鹿

参考例句：

• We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
• I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？

7 wade   

v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉

参考例句：

• We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank.我们只好涉水过河到对岸。
• We cannot but wade across the river.我们只好趟水过去。

8 transpired   

（事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的过去式和过去分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生

参考例句：

• It transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank. 据报这伙歹徒在银行里有内应。
• It later transpired that he hadn't been telling the truth. 他当时没说真话，这在后来显露出来了。

9 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

10 solicitor   

n.初级律师，事务律师

参考例句：

• The solicitor's advice gave me food for thought.律师的指点值得我深思。
• The solicitor moved for an adjournment of the case.律师请求将这个案件的诉讼延期。

11 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

12 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

13 undue   

adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的

参考例句：

• Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
• It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。

14 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

15 abortions   

n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育

参考例句：

• The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人：不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
• Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论：染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网

16 viability   

n.存活(能力)

参考例句：

• What is required to achieve or maintain such viability? 要达到或维持这种生存能力需要什么？
• Scientists are experimenting to find ways to ensure the viability of seeds for even longer periods of time. 正如我们所说，科学家正在试验努力寻找让种子的生命力更加延长的方法。

17 prohibition   

n.禁止；禁令，禁律

参考例句：

• The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
• They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。

18 prohibitions   

禁令，禁律( prohibition的名词复数 )； 禁酒； 禁例

参考例句：

• Nowadays NO PARKING is the most ubiquitous of prohibitions. 今天，“NO PARKING”（禁止停车），几乎成了到处可见的禁止用语了。
• Inappropriate, excessive or capricious administration of aversive stimulation has led to scandals, lawsuits and prohibitions. 不恰当的、过度的或随意滥用厌恶性刺激会引起人们的反感、控告与抵制。

19 fetus   

n.胎，胎儿

参考例句：

• In the fetus,blood cells are formed in different sites at different ages.胎儿的血细胞在不同时期生成在不同的部位。
• No one knows why a fetus is not automatically rejected by the mother's immune system. 没有人知道为什么母亲的免疫系统不会自动排斥胎儿。