经济学人31:无所尊重吗? Is nothing sacred?

 　　Books and Arts; Damien Hirst retrospective；

　　文艺；书评；达米安·赫斯特回顾展；

　　Is nothing sacred?The Tate Modern stamp of approval；

　　无所尊重吗？泰特现代美术馆的准入章；

　　Damien Hirst may be rich and famous, but he does not have everything. The 46-year-old artist has never had a solo retrospective in a modern-art museum. If he is to turn his notoriety into immortality¹, he needs the backing of public institutions and the praise of serious critics. Mr Hirst and his dealers² have favoured fast sales over the art-historical side of his career. But Tate Modern has come to the rescue with an Olympic blockbuster show, which runs for five months from April 4th.

　　达米安·赫斯特或许富有而闻名，但他并非拥有了一切。这位46岁的艺术家从来没在一家现代艺术博物馆举办过个人回顾展。如果他打算将自己的恶名变成不朽，那就需要公共机构的支持，也需要严肃的评论家给出好评。赫斯特和他的经销商在其整个职业生涯艺术史的一面偏爱尽快拍卖。而泰特现代美术馆伸出援手，奥林匹克一鸣惊人者展于4月4日起开展，历时五个月。

　　The exhibition consists of 73 works made over a 22-year period, arranged chronologically³ to convey the evolution of Mr Hirst’s ideas. The general trajectory⁴ is from gritty to glitzy, from punk assemblages, such as cabinets filled with pills and cigarette butts⁵, to art that looks like bespoke⁶ luxury goods. If viewers cast aside their hostility⁷, what may astonish is Mr Hirst’s ability to transform dry conceptual art into witty⁸, emotionally engaging work.

　　展览包括赫斯特二十二年间创作的七十三件作品，按时间顺序排列以表达其思想的演变。一般轨迹是从砂砾到耀眼，从朋克组合到艺术品，朋克组合有装满药丸和烟头的橱柜等，而艺术品看起来像定制的奢侈品。观众如果抛开敌意，可能会震惊于赫斯特把枯燥的概念艺术转变成诙谐而富有情感魅力的作品的能力。

　　Six of the works in the show are owned or partially⁹ owned by the Tate. This includes two “still lives” which flicker¹⁰ between poignancy¹¹ and irony¹²: “Away from the Flock” (1994), a white sheep suspended in a tank of formaldehyde, and “Mother and Child Divided” (1993), a cow and calf¹³ split between four tanks. Of the 67 pieces borrowed for the show, only three have come from public institutions. The rest are on loan from dealers and a range of private collectors, including Miuccia Prada, Bernard Arnault and Steve Cohen. Luckily for them, works that have been anointed by the Tate command more credibility and a premium¹⁴ upon resale.

　　展览上有六件作品属于或部分属于泰特美术馆所拥有。这六件作品中包括两件介于辛酸和讽刺之间的《静寂的生命》，分别是《远离羊群》（1994年），一只泡在甲醛容器中的白羊， 以及《母子分离》（1993），在四个容器间切开的母牛和牛犊。展会借来的六十七件作品中只有三件出自公共机构。其余都是从经销商处以及一堆私人收藏家的手中借来的，这些收藏家包括缪西娅·普拉达、贝尔纳·阿尔诺以及史蒂夫·科恩。对他们来说幸运的是，被泰特美术馆选定的作品在转售时能赢得更高的信誉和溢价。

　　Yet the number-one lender to the Hirst retrospective is the artist himself. In addition to some early pieces, a breezy painting and a six-tonne bronze sculpture of an anatomical model, he has lent “A Thousand Years” (1991), a glass box that bears witness to the life cycle of flies. It was one of a dozen early works that the artist purchased back from his first patron, Charles Saatchi, in 2003. Mr Hirst suspects the sculpture is his most exciting piece. Many prefer a more beautiful work with a similar theme that he made a few months later, titled “In and Out of Love”. This installation consists of two rooms, one in which live butterflies hatch from pupae embedded¹⁵ in white paintings, and another in which dead butterflies are pressed onto the surfaces of brightly coloured canvasses¹⁶. The show reunites these two rooms for the first time in 20 years.

　　然而，赫斯特回顾展头号出借者是艺术家本人。除了一些早期作品，一幅凉风习习的自旋画和一个六吨重的解剖模型铜雕外，他还借出了《一千年》（1991年） ，一个装载了苍蝇生命周期见证的玻璃箱。这是赫斯特2003年从他的第一个主顾查尔斯·萨奇手中买回的十二件早期作品之一。赫斯特察觉这件雕塑是最令他兴奋的一件。许多人更喜欢几个月后他制作的类似主题更出色的作品，题目为《爱生爱灭》 。这件组装品包括两个空间，一个放着由嵌在白色油漆中的蛹羽化而成的活蝴蝶，另一个放着被压在鲜艳画布表面上的死蝴蝶。本次展览是二十年来首次重聚这两个空间。

　　The Tate’s turbine hall, a kind of post-industrial cathedral for art, will be given over to Mr Hirst’s diamond skull¹⁷, “For the Love of God” (2007), which the artist co-owns with his London gallery, White Cube. The small platinum¹⁸ sculpture, which features real human teeth and over 8,000 diamonds, was promoted with an asking price of ￡50m—a tabloid¹⁹ tactic²⁰ that clearly missed its target as the work failed to sell. The skull will be dramatically spot-lit in a dark room, much like jewellery at an auction²¹ preview. Officially, the display is not a marketing²² device but a comment on the “belief system” of capitalism²³.

　　泰特美术馆的涡轮大厅，这个有几分后工业的艺术殿堂交托给了赫斯特的钻石头骨《对上帝的爱》（2007年），它归赫斯特和伦敦画廊白立方共同拥有。这件小铂金雕塑的特色是有真正的人类牙齿和八千多颗钻石，以索价五千万英镑来促销，显然是没达到目标成了未售出作品的小报战术。这副头骨会在黑暗的展室里放出引人注目的点点光芒，更象是拍卖预展上的珠宝。正式来说，展览不是一种营销策略，而是对资本主义“信念系统”的注释。

　　Money is a theme but also a problem. The retrospective was meant to travel to the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles, but it has been put on indefinite hold because the show is so expensive. Works such as Mr Hirst’s famous shark (ie, “The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living” from 1991, pictured) take at least six technicians and a full seven days to install. The price of crating²⁴, shipping²⁵, installing and insuring Mr Hirst’s works exceeds MoCA’s entire annual exhibition budget of $3m—a sum donated by Eli Broad, a philanthropist. He has lent two works from his substantial collection of Hirsts to the Tate.

　　钱是一个话题，但也是一个问题。这次回顾展必须要前往洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆，但已被无限期地搁置了，因为展出费用非常高昂。诸如赫斯特著名的鲨鱼（即1991年的《生者对死者无动于衷》，见图片）等作品至少需要六名技术人员花费整整七天的时间来安装。赫斯特作品的装箱、托运、安装以及投保价格超过了当代艺术博物馆整个年度三百万的展览预算，这笔三百万的预算是慈善家伊莱·布鲁德捐赠的。他从自己可观的赫斯特作品收藏中借出了两件作品给泰特美术馆。

　　There are two conspicuous²⁶ exclusions²⁷ from the retrospective. First, it contains no figurative paintings of any kind—no photorealist works, no microscopic²⁸ views of cancer cells, none of the canvasses that Mr Hirst paints with his own hand in the style of Francis Bacon. As it happens, most critics find these paintings painful to behold²⁹. Second, the exhibition omits “The Golden Calf” (2008), a bull with gold horns and hooves in a gold-plated tank, which was the centrepiece of Mr Hirst’s 2008 Sotheby’s sale, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”. The Wall Street Journal reported that Fran?ois Pinault bought the ￡10.3m bull, a perplexing move for the owner of Christie’s, a connoisseur³⁰ with minimalist taste. Certainly Mr Pinault has deep investments in Mr Hirst’s work. He has lent two pieces to the Tate, including an important precursor³¹ to the shark, “Isolated Elements Swimming in the Same Direction for the Purpose of Understanding (right)”.

　　这次回顾展有两点明显的例外。首先，它不包含任何形式的具象绘画，没有照相写实主义作品、没有癌细胞的微观视图、没有赫斯特亲手以弗朗西斯·培根风格画的油画。碰巧的是，大多数评论家认为这些画看着费力。其次，展览删除了《金牛犊》（2008年），一只镀金容器里金角金蹄的公牛，这件作品是赫斯特2008年苏富比拍卖会《美丽永驻我头》的中心装饰品。《华尔街日报》报道，弗朗索瓦·皮诺花一千零三十万英镑买下了金牛，这是品味简约的鉴赏家佳士得老板一个令人费解的举动。当然，皮诺对赫斯特的作品做了玄妙的投资。他借出了两件作品给泰特美术馆，包括鲨鱼的一件重要前驱作品《以（正确）理解为目的同向游泳的隔离元素》。

　　Many collectors of Mr Hirst’s work hope that this show will reinvigorate his market. According to artnet, a firm that tracks the art market, in 2011 one in four Hirst works that came up for auction failed to sell, and his highest price was $1.7m, down from $19m in 2007. Last year total auction turnover³² in Hirst works was a mere³³ $29.6m, placing him well behind artists such as Gerhard Richter, whose work earned almost $200m in auction sales, and Zeng Fanzhi, a Chinese painter who is probably the richest artist in the world.

　　许多赫斯特作品的收藏家都希望本次展览会重振他的行情。据一家追踪艺术品行情的公司artnet的说法，2011年拍卖的赫斯特作品中有四分之一未能卖出，其作品的最高价为一百七十万美元，比2007年的一千九百万美元跌了。去年赫斯特作品拍卖的成交总额只有两千九百六十万，远远落后于格哈德·里希特和曾梵志等艺术家，里希特的作品在拍卖会上赚了近两亿美元，而中国画家曾梵志可能是世届上最富有的艺术家。

　　Mr Hirst will have a place in history. An innovative³⁴ sculptor³⁵, he is also an opportunistic painter whose will to power can get in the way of his better judgment³⁶. If nothing else, Mr Hirst is likely to be remembered for his unusual aptitude³⁷ in blurring³⁸ the line between the sacred and profane³⁹.

　　赫斯特将在历史上占有一席之地。他是一个创新的雕塑家，也是一个投机取巧的画家，他的权力欲可能阻碍了他更好地作出判断。如果不出意外，赫斯特可能会因为他在模糊尊重和亵渎之间的界线方面天资非凡而被铭记。

1 immortality   

n.不死，不朽

参考例句：

• belief in the immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭的信念
• It was like having immortality while you were still alive. 仿佛是当你仍然活着的时候就得到了永生。

2 dealers   

n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者

参考例句：

• There was fast bidding between private collectors and dealers. 私人收藏家和交易商急速竞相喊价。
• The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. 警察腐败，与那伙毒品贩子内外勾结。

3 chronologically   

ad. 按年代的

参考例句：

• Manuscripts show cases arranged topically not chronologically. 从原稿看案例是按专题安排的而不是按年代次序安排的。
• Though the exhibition has been arranged chronologically, there are a few exceptions. 虽然展览的时间便已经安排好了，但是也有少数的例外。

4 trajectory   

n.弹道，轨道

参考例句：

• It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。
• The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。

5 butts   

笑柄( butt的名词复数 )； （武器或工具的）粗大的一端； 屁股； 烟蒂

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。
• The house butts to a cemetery. 这所房子和墓地相连。

6 bespoke   

adj.（产品）订做的；专做订货的v.预定( bespeak的过去式 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求

参考例句：

• His style of dressing bespoke great self-confidence. 他的衣着风格显得十分自信。
• The haberdasher presented a cap, saying,"Here is the cap your worship bespoke." 帽匠拿出一顶帽子来说：“这就是老爷您定做的那顶。” 来自辞典例句

7 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

8 witty   

adj.机智的，风趣的

参考例句：

• Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
• He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。

9 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

10 flicker   

vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现

参考例句：

• There was a flicker of lights coming from the abandoned house.这所废弃的房屋中有灯光闪烁。
• At first,the flame may be a small flicker,barely shining.开始时，光辉可能是微弱地忽隐忽现，几乎并不灿烂。

11 poignancy   

n.辛酸事，尖锐

参考例句：

• As she sat in church her face had a pathos and poignancy. 当她坐在教堂里时，脸上带着一种哀婉和辛辣的表情。
• The movie, "Trains, Planes, and Automobiles" treats this with hilarity and poignancy. 电影“火车，飞机和汽车”是以欢娱和热情庆祝这个节日。

12 irony   

n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄

参考例句：

• She said to him with slight irony.她略带嘲讽地对他说。
• In her voice we could sense a certain tinge of irony.从她的声音里我们可以感到某种讥讽的意味。

13 calf   

n.小牛，犊，幼仔，小牛皮

参考例句：

• The cow slinked its calf.那头母牛早产了一头小牛犊。
• The calf blared for its mother.牛犊哞哞地高声叫喊找妈妈。

14 premium   

n.加付款；赠品；adj.高级的；售价高的

参考例句：

• You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
• Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后，清水便因稀而贵了。

15 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

16 canvasses   

n.检票员，游说者，推销员( canvass的名词复数 )v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的第三人称单数 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查

参考例句：

• He canvasses by singing, and the votes have really increased a lot. 他唱歌为自己拉票，票数还真是增长了不少呢。 来自互联网
• Even the canvasses on the restaurant's walls are up for sale. 连餐厅墙上的绘画作品也能出售。 来自互联网

17 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

18 platinum   

n.白金

参考例句：

• I'll give her a platinum ring.我打算送给她一枚白金戒指。
• Platinum exceeds gold in value.白金的价值高于黄金。

19 tabloid   

adj.轰动性的，庸俗的；n.小报，文摘

参考例句：

• He launched into a verbal assault on tabloid journalism.他口头对小报新闻进行了抨击。
• He believes that the tabloid press has behaved disgracefully.他认为小报媒体的行为不太光彩。

20 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

21 auction   

n.拍卖；拍卖会；vt.拍卖

参考例句：

• They've put the contents of their house up for auction.他们把房子里的东西全都拿去拍卖了。
• They bought a new minibus with the proceeds from the auction.他们用拍卖得来的钱买了一辆新面包车。

22 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

23 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

24 crating   

把…装入箱中( crate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Note: Weights are approximate and do not include crating. 注：重量参数只是大约数值，并不包括包装箱重量。
• All wood packaging materials must be crating. 所有木包装材料必须无树皮。

25 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

26 conspicuous   

adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的

参考例句：

• It is conspicuous that smoking is harmful to health.很明显，抽烟对健康有害。
• Its colouring makes it highly conspicuous.它的色彩使它非常惹人注目。

27 exclusions   

n.不包括的项目：如接受服务项目是由投保以前已患有的疾病或伤害引致的，保险公司有权拒绝支付。；拒绝( exclusion的名词复数 )；排除；被排斥在外的人（或事物）；排外主义

参考例句：

• This is a trifle compared with the important exclusions. 比之其它重要的排除，这只是一件小事。 来自辞典例句
• For detailed exclusions, please refer to each policy's terms and conditions. 具体的免赔责任请详见条款。 来自互联网

28 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

29 behold   

v.看，注视，看到

参考例句：

• The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。
• The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold.海滨日出真是个奇景。

30 connoisseur   

n.鉴赏家，行家，内行

参考例句：

• Only the real connoisseur could tell the difference between these two wines.只有真正的内行才能指出这两种酒的区别。
• We are looking for a connoisseur of French champagne.我们想找一位法国香槟酒品酒专家。

31 precursor   

n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆

参考例句：

• Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
• He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

32 turnover   

n.人员流动率，人事变动率；营业额，成交量

参考例句：

• The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover.这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。
• Our turnover actually increased last year.去年我们的营业额竟然增加了。

33 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

34 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

35 sculptor   

n.雕刻家，雕刻家

参考例句：

• A sculptor forms her material.雕塑家把材料塑造成雕塑品。
• The sculptor rounded the clay into a sphere.那位雕塑家把黏土做成了一个球状。

36 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

37 aptitude   

n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资

参考例句：

• That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋。
• As a child,he showed an aptitude for the piano.在孩提时代，他显露出对于钢琴的天赋。

38 blurring   

n.模糊，斑点甚多，（图像的）混乱v.（使）变模糊( blur的现在分词 )；（使）难以区分

参考例句：

• Retinal hemorrhage, and blurring of the optic dise cause visual disturbances. 视网膜出血及神经盘模糊等可导致视力障碍。 来自辞典例句
• In other ways the Bible limited Puritan writing, blurring and deadening the pages. 另一方面，圣经又限制了清教时期的作品，使它们显得晦涩沉闷。 来自辞典例句

39 profane   

adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污

参考例句：

• He doesn't dare to profane the name of God.他不敢亵渎上帝之名。
• His profane language annoyed us.他亵渎的言语激怒了我们。