经济学人486:辩论

 　　Debating

　　辩论

　　This house believes

　　本方认为

　　Some schools are teaching children how to think for themselves

　　有些学校正在教孩子们如何独立思考

　　Sep 14th 2013 | SHANGHAI |From the print edition

　　IN CHINESE classrooms, students rarely question teachers—part of a broader deference¹ to authority in Chinese society. So the growth of Western-style debating in schools and universities, in which participants sometimes argue against prevailing² Communist Party policies, can seem incongruous. But interest in such debates is growing.

　　在中国的课堂上，学生们很少质疑教师，这是中国社会尊重权利更广泛的体现。因此，学校和大学里西式辩论的增多，有时会反对共产党出台的政策，显得很不协调。但是对于此种辩论的兴趣越来越高。

　　Many schools, especially in the big cities, have teams that debate, in English and Chinese. Educators say the aim is to develop some of the skills they know are lacking: critical thinking, spontaneity and public speaking. Many students also believe taking part in debating as an extra-curricular activity can help with applications to universities in the West.

　　许多学校，尤其是大城市里，有中英文辩论团队。教育工作者说目的在于开发他们已知的中国学生所缺乏的技能，批判性思维，自发性和公开演讲能力。许多学生也相信在课余时间参与辩论活动对他们申请西方大学有帮助。

　　Chinese universities have debating teams but there are more political sensitivities at higher levels of education so the debates tend to be less wide-ranging, says Gavin Newton-Tanzer, an American who founded the National High School Debate League of China. Last year more than 200 schools took part in the group’s tournaments. Top debaters from the organisation³ have been invited to compete at Harvard and Stanford universities in America.

　　创办中国高中辩论联盟的美国人Gavin Newton-Tanzer表示，中国大学有辩论队，但是在更高等的教育中有更多的政治敏感性，因此辩论范围稍小。去年超过200所学校参与了辩论联盟的比赛。顶级辩手已经被邀请去参加美国哈佛和斯坦福大学的比赛。

　　The debates are chosen carefully. “We are culturally sensitive,” says Mr Newton-Tanzer euphemistically. A motion deemed too political might be rejected, and the students themselves have strong views. At a tournament in the central city of Wuhan, students refused to debate whether China should forgive Japan for its wartime atrocities⁴, insisting that they could never forgive Japan.

　　论题是仔细挑选的。Newton-Tanzer委婉的说，我们对文化很敏感。政治性太强的辩题可能被拒绝，学生们观点也很明确。在中部城市武汉的一次比赛中，学生们拒绝辩论中国是否应该原谅日本战时的暴行，坚持表示他们永远不会原谅日本。

　　Gao Wenbing is a member of a school debating team in the coastal⁵ city of Qingdao. He says he knows there are certain “red lines” he can never cross, such as mentioning some sensitive issues. “But basically,” he says in flawless English, “I feel quite free.”

　　高文冰是海滨城市青岛的一名学校辩论队成员。他说他知道有他无法逾越的红线，比如说提及一些敏感话题。但是基本上我觉得很自由，他用流利的英语说到。

　　At one competition at Peking University, in which Mr Gao took part in May, students debated whether China’s rise is good for America or not. The debate went back and forth⁶, with one participant, speaking for America, concluding: “we are the lighthouse of…liberty and democracy. Why do you think this ideology⁷ can’t prevail over the Chinese version of communist ideology?”

　　小高五月在北京大学参加的一次比赛中，学生们辩论中国的崛起对美国是利还是弊？辩论来来回回，有一个参与者为美国说话，总结到，我们是自由和民主的灯塔。为什么你们觉得这个思想无法战胜共产主义意识形态的中国版呢？

1 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。

2 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

3 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

4 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

6 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

7 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。