2022年经济学人 蓝领的职业倦怠

Business

商业

Labor¹ shortages -- Blue-collar burnout

劳动力短缺——蓝领的职业倦怠

Why so many workers are fleeing the hospitality sector²

为什么这么多员工离开酒店行业

Restaurant and hotel bosses have had a tough year.

餐厅和酒店老板们度过了艰难的一年。

Some 700,000 hospitality workers threw in the towel on average each month in the past year.

在过去的一年中，平均每个月约有70万名酒店员工甩手辞职。

Bars, cafes and eateries are 1.3m workers short relative to the 16.9m employed before covid-19.

与新冠之前的1690万人相比，酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆的员工人数减少了130万。

On January 4th the Bureau of Labour Statistics reported that a record 4.5m Americans quit their jobs in November, 9% up on a month earlier.

1月4日，劳工统计局报告称，11月份有创纪录的450万美国人辞去了他们的工作，比一个月前增加了9%。

The quit rate in leisure and hospitality jumped by a percentage point, to 6.4%.

休闲娱乐和酒店业的离职率上升了一个百分点，达到6.4%。

Uncertainty³ from the Omicron variant⁴ may make matters worse: as cases surged in December, restaurant footfall fell sharply, according to OpenTable, an online booking website.

奥米克戎变体带来的不确定性可能会使情况变得更加糟糕：根据在线预订网站OpenTable的数据，随着12月病例激增，餐厅的客流量急剧下降。

As in other industries, workers in hospitality are leaving for various reasons, from fear of infection to better opportunities elsewhere.

与其他行业一样，酒店业员工离开的原因也是多种多样，从害怕感染到能在其他地方找到更好的工作机会。

But one big motive⁵ is burnout.

但其中一个很大的辞职原因是疲惫。

Psychological exhaustion⁶ is more often associated with hard-charging investment bankers and other professionals.

心理疲惫通常发生在那些强硬的投资银行家和其他专业人士身上。

Amid the pandemic it has afflicted⁷ many blue-collar workers, too.

但在疫情期间，它同样困扰着许多蓝领工作者。

Surveys find that chronic⁸ stress is a growing concern across the labour market, but dissatisfaction is especially high in service roles, where hybrid⁹ work is not possible.

调查发现，长期压力是整个劳动力市场日益关注的问题，但在不可能从事混合工作的服务岗位上，不满情绪尤其高。

Data collected by Glassdoor, an employment portal, found that employees rate the hospitality sector as one of the worst for work-life balance.

就业门户网站Glassdoor收集的数据显示，员工将酒店业评为工作与生活平衡最差的行业之一。

Mentions of “burnout” in reviews of employers on the site have doubled during the pandemic.

在疫情期间，网站上对雇主的评论中提到“疲惫”的次数翻了一倍。

Workers report that new tasks such as dealing¹⁰ with angry customers and enforcing health mandates¹¹ have added to the burden.

员工们称，应对愤怒的顾客和履行健康规定等新任务增加了他们的负担。

Work in restaurants and hotels can be physically¹² taxing, poorly paid and unpredictable.

餐馆和酒店的工作可能会很耗费体力，报酬低，而且形势难以预测。

Unlike white-collar workers, who suffer from needing to be constantly available, service workers burn out as a result of uncertain schedules and a lack of control over time, says Ashley Whillans of Harvard Business School.

哈佛商学院的阿什利·惠兰斯表示，与需要时刻待命的白领不同，服务行业的员工感到精疲力竭的原因是不确定的工作安排和缺乏对时间的掌控。

Ian Cook of Visier, a human-resources-analytics firm, says that time off during lockdowns gave employees an opportunity to reflect on their relationship with “fragile and meagrely paid work”.

人力资源分析公司Visier的伊恩·库克表示，封锁期间的休假使员工们有机会反思他们与“脆弱且报酬微薄的工作”之间的关系。

Firms have scrambled¹³ to respond.

企业争相响应。

Many food and accommodation businesses have raised wages—by an average of 8.1% year on year in the third quarter, the highest increase on record.

许多餐饮和住宿行业的企业都提高了工资——第三季度平均同比增长8.1%，是有记录以来的最高增幅。

That may not be enough.

这可能还不够。

In one poll of hospitality workers, over half said higher pay will not lure¹⁴ them back by itself.

在一项针对酒店业员工的调查中，超过一半的人表示，单靠更高的工资并不能诱惑他们回来。

Large retailers¹⁵ such as Amazon and Target, which require many of the similar skills, are poaching hospitality staff by offering non-cash perks¹⁶ like subsidised college education, parental¹⁷ leave and career advancement¹⁸.

亚马逊和塔吉特等大型零售商——它们需要的需要职业技能类似——正在通过提供非现金福利的方式来挖走酒店业的员工，例如提供大学教育补贴、育儿假和职业晋升通道。

Most restaurants cannot afford to match such offers.

大多数餐厅都提供不了这样的待遇。

Daniel Zhao, an economist¹⁹ at Glassdoor, foresees a permanent reduction to the hospitality workforce²⁰.

Glassdoor的经济学家丹尼尔·赵预测，酒店业的劳动力将就此永久减少。

“High turnover²¹ tends to be contagious,” he says, and early resignations can start a vicious cycle.

“高流动率往往会影响到其他人，”他说，提前辞职可能会开启恶性循环。

As some workers quit, those who remain must pick up the slack, leading to more stress.

当一些员工辞职，留下来的人就得收拾残局，从而导致更多的压力。

This in turn provokes more exits, and so on.

这反过来又会引发更多的离职，循环往复。

Add an ageing population, with dwindling²² numbers of young people prepared to toil²³ in kitchens or sweep hotel corridors, and hospitality businesses may be contending with blue-collar burnout for years to come.

再加上人口老龄化，愿意在厨房干辛苦活或打扫酒店走廊的年轻人越来越少，在未来几年，酒店业可能需要持续与蓝领职业倦怠作斗争。

1 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

2 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

3 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

4 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

5 motive   

n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的

参考例句：

• The police could not find a motive for the murder.警察不能找到谋杀的动机。
• He had some motive in telling this fable.他讲这寓言故事是有用意的。

6 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

7 afflicted   

使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• About 40% of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. 全国40%左右的人口患有这种疾病。
• A terrible restlessness that was like to hunger afflicted Martin Eden. 一阵可怕的、跟饥饿差不多的不安情绪折磨着马丁·伊登。

8 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

9 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

10 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

11 mandates   

托管（mandate的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• Individual mandates would require all people to purchase health insurance. 个人托管要求所有人都要购买健康保险。
• While I agree with those benefits, I'm not a supporter of mandates. 我同意上述好处，我不是授权软件的支持者。

12 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

13 scrambled   

v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞

参考例句：

• Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 lure   

n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引

参考例句：

• Life in big cities is a lure for many country boys.大城市的生活吸引着许多乡下小伙子。
• He couldn't resist the lure of money.他不能抵制金钱的诱惑。

15 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

16 perks   

额外津贴，附带福利，外快( perk的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Perks offered by the firm include a car and free health insurance. 公司给予的额外待遇包括一辆汽车和免费健康保险。
• Are there any perks that go with your job? 你的工作有什么津贴吗？

17 parental   

adj.父母的；父的；母的

参考例句：

• He encourages parental involvement in the running of school.他鼓励学生家长参与学校的管理。
• Children always revolt against parental disciplines.孩子们总是反抗父母的管束。

18 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

19 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

20 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

21 turnover   

n.人员流动率，人事变动率；营业额，成交量

参考例句：

• The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover.这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。
• Our turnover actually increased last year.去年我们的营业额竟然增加了。

22 dwindling   

adj.逐渐减少的v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The number of wild animals on the earth is dwindling. 地球上野生动物的数量正日渐减少。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He is struggling to come to terms with his dwindling authority. 他正努力适应自己权力被削弱这一局面。 来自辞典例句

23 toil   

vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事

参考例句：

• The wealth comes from the toil of the masses.财富来自大众的辛勤劳动。
• Every single grain is the result of toil.每一粒粮食都来之不易。