2022年经济学人 世界银行警告全球滞胀风险上升

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The world this week - Business

本周国际要闻-商业

The World Bank slashed¹ its forecast of global GDP growth this year, to 2.9%.

世界银行将今年全球GDP增长预期大幅下调至2.9%。

It warned that the risk of stagflation was considerable and that the world should prepare for “several years of above-average inflation and below-average growth”.

世界银行警告称，滞胀风险相当大，世界应该为“数年通胀高于平均水平、经济增长低于平均水平”做好准备。

Real income per person in 2023 is expected to remain below pre-pandemic levels in 40% of developing economies.

预计到2023年，40%的发展中经济体的人均实际收入将低于疫情前的水平。

The OECD also cut its forecast for growth, but played down the risk of stagflation; it expects inflation to start easing later this year.

经济合作与发展组织也下调了经济增长预期，但淡化了滞胀的风险; 该组织预计通货膨胀将在今年晚些时候开始缓解。

Appearing before a Senate committee, Janet Yellen acknowledged that America’s high level of inflation was “unacceptable”, and asked Congress to “mitigate” rising household costs through a variety of measures, such as lowering prescription-drug prices.

珍妮特·耶伦在出席参议院委员会的听证会时承认，美国的高通胀水平是“不可接受的”，并要求国会通过降低处方药价格等多种措施来“缓和”不断上涨的家庭成本。

The American treasury² secretary earlier denied claims in a new book that she had told Joe Biden to reduce the size of his $1.9trn stimulus³ package last year because it would stoke inflation.

这位美国财政部长早些时候否认了新书中的说法，书中称她去年曾告诉乔·拜登减少1.9万亿美元经济刺激计划的规模，因为这将加剧通胀。

Target issued a profit warning because of a build-up in its inventory⁴, which it will clear by heavily discounting prices on a range of goods.

塔吉特发布了盈利预警，原因是库存积压，该公司将通过对一系列商品大幅打折来消除库存积压。

Like other retailers⁶, the department-store chain is adapting to a change in consumer spending towards household essentials, such as food and fuel, and away from frivolous⁷ products.

像其他零售商一样，这家百货商店连锁店正在适应消费者支出的变化，转向家庭必需品，如食品和燃料，而不是非必要产品。

In Britain retail⁵ sales fell at an annual rate of 1.1% in May, the biggest drop since January 2021, when the country was in lockdown.

英国5月份零售额同比下降1.1%，这是自2021年1月该国实施封锁以来的最大降幅。

The four-day Platinum⁸ Jubilee⁹ weekend provided a small fillip.

为期四天的白金禧年周末活动带来了一点小小的提振。

Retail footfall was up by 6.9% versus¹⁰ the average for May.

与5月份的平均水平相比，零售客流量增长了6.9%。

Spending in pubs rose by 74%, year on year.

酒吧消费同比增长了74%。

The Turkish lira fell sharply again, after Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey’s president, reiterated¹¹ his pledge to continue cutting interest rates, despite annual inflation running at 73.5%.

土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安重申将继续降息，尽管年通货膨胀率高达73.5%，之后土耳其里拉再次大幅下跌。

Mr Erdogan has pressed the nominally¹² independent central bank to reduce rates, which he hopes will boost growth.

埃尔多安已向名义上独立的央行施压，要求其降低利率，他希望这将提振经济增长。

But the weak lira is pushing up the cost of imports, especially for food and energy.

但疲软的里拉推高了进口成本，尤其是食品和能源的进口成本。

Mr Erdogan has called interest rates “the mother of evils”.

埃尔多安称利率为“罪恶之母”。

This week he said only “those living a charmed existence” benefit from them.

本周，他表示，只有“那些过着迷人生活的人”才能从中受益。

Australia’s central bank made a more assertive¹³ push to tame inflation by raising its main interest rate by half a percentage point, to 0.85%.

澳大利亚央行在抑制通胀方面采取了更强硬的举措，将主要利率上调0.5个百分点，至0.85%。

That follows a smaller increase in May.

在此之前，5月份的利率涨幅较小。

India’s central bank also lifted its benchmark rate by half a point, to 4.9%, the biggest rise in over a decade.

印度央行还将基准利率上调0.5个基点，至4.9%，这是十多年来的最大涨幅。

1 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

3 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

4 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

5 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

6 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

7 frivolous   

adj.轻薄的；轻率的

参考例句：

• This is a frivolous way of attacking the problem.这是一种轻率敷衍的处理问题的方式。
• He spent a lot of his money on frivolous things.他在一些无聊的事上花了好多钱。

8 platinum   

n.白金

参考例句：

• I'll give her a platinum ring.我打算送给她一枚白金戒指。
• Platinum exceeds gold in value.白金的价值高于黄金。

9 jubilee   

n.周年纪念；欢乐

参考例句：

• They had a big jubilee to celebrate the victory.他们举行盛大的周年纪念活动以祝贺胜利。
• Every Jubilee,to take the opposite case,has served a function.反过来说，历次君主巡幸，都曾起到某种作用。

10 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

11 reiterated   

反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• "Well, I want to know about it,'she reiterated. “嗯，我一定要知道你的休假日期，"她重复说。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Some twenty-two years later President Polk reiterated and elaborated upon these principles. 大约二十二年之后，波尔克总统重申这些原则并且刻意阐释一番。

12 nominally   

在名义上，表面地； 应名儿

参考例句：

• Dad, nominally a Methodist, entered Churches only for weddings and funerals. 爸名义上是卫理公会教徒，可只去教堂参加婚礼和葬礼。
• The company could not indicate a person even nominally responsible for staff training. 该公司甚至不能指出一个名义上负责职员培训的人。

13 assertive   

adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的

参考例句：

• She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
• China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年，中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。