2022年经济学人 美国敦促北约各国加快向乌克兰运送武器

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The world this week - Politics

本周国际要闻-政治

Lloyd Austin, the American defence secretary, urged NATO ministers meeting in Brussels to accelerate the flow of heavy weapons to Ukraine, as fighting intensified¹ in the eastern region of Donbas, especially in the town of Severodonetsk.

美国国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀敦促在布鲁塞尔召开会议的北约各国部长加快向乌克兰运送重型武器的速度，目前顿巴斯东部地区的战斗正在加剧，尤其是在北顿涅茨克。

Although Russia has occupied most of it, Ukrainian forces are continuing to mount stiff resistance.

尽管俄罗斯占领了大部分地区，但乌克兰军队仍在继续顽强抵抗。

The conflict, in its fourth month, has turned into a war of attrition, with neither side seemingly able to make big gains.

这场冲突已经进入第四个月，已经演变成一场消耗战，双方似乎都无法取得重大进展。

A report by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, a think-tank based in Finland, found that Russia earned $97bn in revenues from oil and gas exports during the first 100 days of its invasion of Ukraine.

总部位于芬兰的智库能源与清洁空气研究中心的一份报告发现，在入侵乌克兰的头100天里，俄罗斯通过石油和天然气出口获得了970亿美元的收入。

The European Union accounted for 61% of the revenues, though China was the biggest single importer, closely followed by Germany.

欧盟贡献了61%的收入，尽管中国是最大的单一进口国，紧随其后的是德国。

Russian revenues dipped in April and May compared with March.

与3月相比，俄罗斯4月和5月的收入有所下降。

The report concluded that Russia’s revenue from energy was enough to defray its expenditure² on the war, which it estimated at $876m a day.

该报告的结论是，俄罗斯来自能源的收入足以支付其战争支出，据估计，俄罗斯每天的战争支出为8.76亿美元。

The first round of legislative³ elections in France marked a serious reverse for the president, Emmanuel Macron.

法国第一轮立法选举对总统伊曼纽尔·马克龙来说是一个重大的逆转。

His alliance of centrist parties won only around the same number of votes as a radical-left grouping that is headed by Jean-Luc Mélenchon.

他的中间派政党联盟仅赢得了与让-吕克·梅朗雄领导的激进左翼团体大致相同的选票。

Predictions of the final result after run-off votes on June 19th suggest that Mr Macron is in danger of losing his majority.

对6月19日第二轮投票后最终结果的预测表明，马克龙有失去多数席位的危险。

The British government introduced legislation to override⁴ parts of the Northern Ireland protocol⁵, which forms part of the Brexit withdrawal⁶ agreement but is disliked by unionists.

英国政府提出立法，推翻北爱尔兰议定书的部分内容，该议定书是英国退欧协议的一部分，但被北爱尔兰统一党党员厌恶。

The EU described the move as a breach⁷ of international law and announced plans for legal proceedings⁸ against Britain.

欧盟称此举违反了国际法，并宣布了对英国采取法律行动的计划。

A controversial plan in Britain to deport⁹ some asylum-seekers to Rwanda was delayed as the first plane prepared for take-off.

当第一架飞机准备起飞时，英国一项具有争议的计划(将一些寻求庇护者驱逐到卢旺达）被推迟。

The European Court of Human Rights (a non-EU body) judged that an Iraqi asylum-seeker faced a risk of harm.

欧洲人权法庭(一个非欧盟机构)判定一名伊拉克寻求庇护者面临被伤害的风险。

That opened the door to other successful appeals, and to the last-minute scrapping¹⁰ of the flight.

这为其他申诉取得成功以及航班在最后一刻停飞打开了大门。

The British government is undeterred, and has vowed¹¹ to press ahead.

英国政府并未被吓倒，并誓言要继续推进此举。

Boris Johnson’s ethics¹² adviser¹³ resigned.

鲍里斯·约翰逊的道德顾问辞职。

Christopher Geidt had held the job since April 2021 and is the second ethics adviser to the British prime minister to quit in less than two years.

克里斯托弗·盖特自2021年4月起担任该职位，是不到两年内第二位辞职的英国首相道德顾问。

Shortly before he resigned Lord Geidt told a committee of MPs that it was “reasonable” to ask whether Mr Johnson had broken the ministerial code in relation to parties held at Number 10 during lockdown.

在辞职前不久，盖特告诉由议员组成的委员会，质疑约翰逊是否违反了与封锁期间在唐宁街10号举行的派对有关的部长级守则，是“合理的”。

1 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

3 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

4 override   

vt.不顾，不理睬，否决；压倒，优先于

参考例句：

• The welfare of a child should always override the wishes of its parents.孩子的幸福安康应该永远比父母的愿望来得更重要。
• I'm applying in advance for the authority to override him.我提前申请当局对他进行否决。

5 protocol   

n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节

参考例句：

• We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
• The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。

6 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

7 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

8 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

9 deport   

vt.驱逐出境

参考例句：

• We deport aliens who slip across our borders.我们把偷渡入境的外国人驱逐出境。
• More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.昨晚的骚乱发生后有240多名英格兰球迷被驱逐出意大利。

10 scrapping   

刮，切除坯体余泥

参考例句：

• He was always scrapping at school. 他在学校总打架。
• These two dogs are always scrapping. 这两条狗总是打架。

11 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

12 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

13 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。