2022年经济学人 科学世家赫胥黎（2）

And although Julian lived until 1975—leading UNESCO and the London Zoo and mentoring¹ David Attenborough—his life, like his grandfather’s, bore a distinctly Victorian stamp.

尽管朱利安活到了1975年--在世时一直领导着联合国教科文组织和伦敦动物园，且一直指导大卫·爱登堡--但他的人生就像他祖父的一样，带有明显的维多利亚时代印记。

Both Huxleys tried to instil² order in the chaotic³, confusing world around them.

两位赫胥黎都试图给他们所处的混乱世界注入秩序。

At best, that meant understanding it; at worst, it involved sinister⁴ forms of control, as in Julian’s lifelong enthusiasm for eugenics.

往好了说，是了解世界；往坏了说，就是用邪恶的方式掌控世界，朱利安毕生对优生学的热情就是个例子。

Sometimes positive and negative impulses co-existed.

有时，积极和消极的冲动是并存的。

Thomas hailed the end of slavery in America but sneered⁵ at racial equality.

托马斯为美国奴隶制的终结而欢呼，但对种族平等嗤之以鼻。

Julian denounced Nazi⁶ pseudo-science yet advocated the “semi-compulsory” sterilisation of the disabled almost in the same breath.

朱利安谴责纳粹伪科学，但同时又主张对残疾人进行“半强制性”绝育。

Meanwhile, though they spent their professional lives categorising the natural world, both found themselves obsessed⁷ with points at which the scientific method broke down.

与此同时，尽管他们在职业生涯中，一直在对自然界进行分类，但两人都发现自己痴迷于科学无法解释的观念。

Thomas, a renowned⁸ rationalist, confessed a fascination⁹ with spiritualism.

托马斯是一位著名的理性主义者，却也承认自己对唯心主义很着迷。

Julian embraced palmistry and new-age ideals of cosmic convergence.

朱利安也信奉手相术和宇宙汇聚的新时代理想。

For all their zealous¹⁰ support of evolution, its implications haunted them.

尽管他们热衷于支持进化论，但它的影响一直困扰着他们。

They saw the animal lurking¹¹ inside man.

他们看到了潜伏在人类体内的兽性。

And the humanity in animals.

也看到了动物身上的人性。

Influenced by Darwin’s interactions with orangutans, Thomas hypothesised that the line between apes and people was etched so thinly that a clever ape could best a dull human.

受达尔文与猩猩互动的影响，托马斯推测类人猿和人类几乎没有区别，聪明的类人猿可以胜过愚钝的人类。

Julian was an early, vociferous¹² campaigner for endangered animals and a founder¹³ of the modern conservation movement.

朱利安是早期的濒危动物积极活动家，也是现代保护运动的创始人。

In Guy the Gorilla¹⁴, he found a creature he adored “perhaps more than anyone”, Ms Bashford writes, and a mind he felt was equal to his own.

巴什福德写道，他对大猩猩盖伊的喜爱“可能超过任何人”，他觉得他的思想和自己的是一样的。

Julian longed to communicate with Guy, but never could.

朱利安渴望与盖伊交流，但从未成功过。

The Huxleys wrote about evolution as a romance, an epic¹⁵ of progress and transformation¹⁶.

两位赫胥黎把进化论写成了一部传奇故事，一部关于进步和变革的史诗。

In their own lives and observations they also saw the cruelty of science and the bleaker¹⁷ aspects of inheritance: the madness, the sorrow, the chained ape’s pained, silent gaze.

在他们自己的人生和观察结果中，他们也看到了科学的残酷和遗传的阴暗：疯狂、悲伤，被锁链锁住的猿猴痛苦而沉默的凝视。

Both sides, and both men, are painstakingly¹⁸ illuminated¹⁹ by Ms Bashford.

巴什福德对这两方面，以及这两个人都进行了十分仔细的描写。

Balancing scholarly rigour with an eye for the absurd, her book reveals the human drama behind scientific fact.

学术严谨与叙述荒谬相平衡，她的书揭示了科学事实背后的人类戏剧性。

1 mentoring   

n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识，并用心支持mentee的职业（发展）。v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
• Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网

2 instil   

v.逐渐灌输

参考例句：

• It's necessary to instil the minds of the youth with lofty ideals.把崇高理想灌输到年青人的思想中去是很必要的。
• The motive of the executions would be to instil fear.执行死刑的动机是要灌输恐惧。

3 chaotic   

adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的

参考例句：

• Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
• The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

4 sinister   

adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的

参考例句：

• There is something sinister at the back of that series of crimes.在这一系列罪行背后有险恶的阴谋。
• Their proposals are all worthless and designed out of sinister motives.他们的建议不仅一钱不值，而且包藏祸心。

5 sneered   

讥笑，冷笑( sneer的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He sneered at people who liked pop music. 他嘲笑喜欢流行音乐的人。
• It's very discouraging to be sneered at all the time. 成天受嘲讽是很令人泄气的。

6 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

7 obsessed   

adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的

参考例句：

• He's obsessed by computers. 他迷上了电脑。
• The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life. 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。

8 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。

9 fascination   

n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋

参考例句：

• He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
• His letters have been a source of fascination to a wide audience.广大观众一直迷恋于他的来信。

10 zealous   

adj.狂热的，热心的

参考例句：

• She made zealous efforts to clean up the classroom.她非常热心地努力清扫教室。
• She is a zealous supporter of our cause.她是我们事业的热心支持者。

11 lurking   

潜在

参考例句：

• Why are you lurking around outside my house? 你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的，想干什么？
• There is a suspicious man lurking in the shadows. 有一可疑的人躲在阴暗中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

12 vociferous   

adj.喧哗的，大叫大嚷的

参考例句：

• They are holding a vociferous debate.他们在吵吵嚷嚷地辩论。
• He was a vociferous opponent of Conservatism.他高声反对保守主义。

13 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

14 gorilla   

n.大猩猩，暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• I was awed by the huge gorilla.那只大猩猩使我惊惧。
• A gorilla is just a speechless animal.猩猩只不过是一种不会说话的动物。

15 epic   

n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的

参考例句：

• I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗，而写了这个小故事。
• They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。

16 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

17 bleaker   

阴冷的( bleak的比较级 )； （状况）无望的； 没有希望的； 光秃的

参考例句：

• Horoscopes are merely harmless escapism from an ever-bleaker world. 占星术只不过是让人逃避越发令人沮丧的世界的无害消遣罢了。
• On the ground the mood is bleaker. 具体形势更加严峻。

18 painstakingly   

adv. 费力地 苦心地

参考例句：

• Every aspect of the original has been closely studied and painstakingly reconstructed. 原作的每一细节都经过了仔细研究，费尽苦心才得以重现。
• The cause they contrived so painstakingly also ended in failure. 他们惨淡经营的事业也以失败而告终。

19 illuminated   

adj.被照明的；受启迪的

参考例句：

• Floodlights illuminated the stadium. 泛光灯照亮了体育场。
• the illuminated city at night 夜幕中万家灯火的城市