纪录片《狗狗秘闻》 13狗是被驯化的狼

It's now without doubt that dogs are domesticated¹ wolves,

毫无疑问的 狗就是被驯养了的狼

But how and when did it happen?

可这是怎么发生的 何时发生的呢

Again, the archaeological record is inconclusive.

重申一次 考古学的记录不是决定性的

What is clearly a dog?

怎样才算是一条真正的狗

Clearly, a dog is something which is clearly not a wolf.

很明显 狗和狼有区别的

Well, here's a wolf skull² and as you can see it's a long,

这是只狼的头骨 它的头骨

quite low skull with a relatively³ flat top.

狭长 低浅且顶部相对平坦

The teeth are quite large and the thing is quite narrow.

比起家狗这些牙齿更加的显得

Compare that with a domestic dog.

巨大和狭长

This is a cairn terrier and as you can see,

正如你所见 这是一种小猎狗的头骨

The process of domestication⁴ has gone really quite a long way.

狗的驯化历史非常悠久

The whole face is very much shorter,

整个脸部显得更加短小了

it's been contracted towards the brain case.

它向头盖骨的方向收缩

The brain case itself has a much steeper front

头盖骨就变得非常的陡峭

and a much more bowed upper surface.

形成一个弓形的上表面

So if you found that, you would be

因此当你察觉到了这些

in no doubt you were dealing⁵ with a domestic dog.

毫无无疑 你面对的是条家狗

But this is a domestic alsatian and

这是只驯养的阿尔萨斯牧羊犬

telling these apart really would be substantially difficult.

分辨这些就会变得非常困难

And since early dogs were probably very wolf-like,

自古以来 狗就与狼非常的相似

it's hard to pinpoint⁶ when domestication happened

从骨头的形状来分析 精确的找出

by looking at the shape of the bones.

驯化发生的时间点是很困难的一件事情

1 domesticated   

adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He is thoroughly domesticated and cooks a delicious chicken casserole. 他精于家务，烹制的砂锅炖小鸡非常可口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The donkey is a domesticated form of the African wild ass. 驴是非洲野驴的一种已驯化的品种。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

3 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

4 domestication   

n.驯养，驯化

参考例句：

• The first was the domestication of animals. 第一个阶段是驯养动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• In northwestern China, there is no evidence for endemic domestication of any animals. 在中国西北，没有任何当地动物驯化的迹象。 来自辞典例句

5 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

6 pinpoint   

vt.准确地确定；用针标出…的精确位置

参考例句：

• It is difficult to pinpoint when water problems of the modern age began.很难准确地指出，现代用水的问题是什么时候出现的。
• I could pinpoint his precise location on a map.我能在地图上指明他的准确位置。