纪录片《文明》 第185期 进步崇拜（17）

What made this picture particularly shocking and revolutionary were the images Picasso combined within it.

这幅画尤为震撼和革新的地方在于毕加索所结合的那些形象

The faces of the three women to the left are believed to be derived¹ from archaic² Iberian sculpture.

左边三个女人的脸被认为来源于古伊比利亚雕塑

But the two women on the right, their fractured, irregular,distorted faces are based on the art of Africa,on tribal³ African masks that Picasso had encountered in Paris.

而右边的两个女人 她们断裂的 不规则的扭曲的脸则源于非洲艺术 源于毕加索在巴黎看到的非洲部落的面具

Now, there's a long debate about the extent to which Picasso was influenced by African art,and he muddied the waters considerably⁴ by making a series of completely contradictory⁵ statements.

毕加索到底在多大程度上受到非洲艺术的影响 一直饱受争议 而他通过一系列自相矛盾的言论 愈发地混淆了试听

But you can see that Picasso,consciously and subconsciously,by using African art,was bringing into his paintings ideas about Africa that were current in Europe at the time.

但是你可以看到 毕加索 不管是有意识地 还是无意识地通过非洲艺术将当时在欧洲流行的 关于非洲的想法 带入他的画作之中

He was a product of his time, like anybody else,and he lived in an age when Africa was the focus of huge amounts of speculation⁶ and debate about the meaning of savagery⁷ and civilisation⁸,of us and them, ideas about race,ideas about exoticism, ideas about eroticism.

和其他任何人一样 他也是时代的产物 在他生活的时代 人们聚焦非洲 大量地猜测和争论 野蛮和文明的意义关于我们和他们 对于种族的想法 对于异国情调的想法 对于色情的想法

So by placing the faces of African masks onto prostitutes,Picasso was detonating two powerful sets of ideas about race and savagery, civilisation, empire,with older ideas about female sexuality and prostitution.

所以 通过把非洲面具 画在妓女脸上 毕加索触发了两套有力的观念 对于种族和野蛮 文明和帝国的观念以及对于女性和卖淫的旧观念

In one painting, Picasso had turned Western ideas about art on their head.

在一幅画中 毕加索将西方对于艺术的观念 画在了她们头上

He sought to express not simply aesthetic⁹ beauty, but frightening,primal feelings about sex, violence and even death.

他想要表达的 不仅仅是美学上的美丽 还有可怕的 关于性 暴力 甚至是死亡的原始感觉

And that worked partly because of the masks' associations in the minds of those who first saw this painting with civilisations they considered primitive¹⁰.

这样的手法之所以能够成功 部分是因为 那些第一次看到这幅画的人会在脑海中将面具和他们所认为的原始文明联系起来

It was the apparent threat of these objects that made them so shocking,and the perceived barbarism of the cultures that produced them,which reinforced the assumed superiority of European culture.

正是这些东西显而易见的威胁感 使它们看上去如此令人震惊 而我们感受到的其背后文化的野蛮感 增强了人们对于欧洲文化所谓优越性的认同

1 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 archaic   

adj.(语言、词汇等)古代的，已不通用的

参考例句：

• The company does some things in archaic ways,such as not using computers for bookkeeping.这个公司有些做法陈旧，如记账不使用电脑。
• Shaanxi is one of the Chinese archaic civilized origins which has a long history.陕西省是中国古代文明发祥之一，有悠久的历史。

3 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

4 considerably   

adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上

参考例句：

• The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
• The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。

5 contradictory   

adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立

参考例句：

• The argument is internally contradictory.论据本身自相矛盾。
• What he said was self-contradictory.他讲话前后不符。

6 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

7 savagery   

n.野性

参考例句：

• The police were shocked by the savagery of the attacks.警察对这些惨无人道的袭击感到震惊。
• They threw away their advantage by their savagery to the black population.他们因为野蛮对待黑人居民而丧失了自己的有利地位。

8 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。

9 aesthetic   

adj.美学的，审美的，有美感

参考例句：

• My aesthetic standards are quite different from his.我的审美标准与他的大不相同。
• The professor advanced a new aesthetic theory.那位教授提出了新的美学理论。

10 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。