美国国家公共电台 NPR CDC Seeks Controversial New Quarantine Powers To Stop Outbreaks

 

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

Federal health officials may soon have strong, new powers to quarantine people in order to prevent or stop outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases. The new powers are designed to help the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protect the nation against threats like Ebola and SARS. But this new authority raises fears about violating people's civil rights. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein is in the studio to talk with me about this. Hi, Rob.

ROB STEIN, BYLINE¹: Oh, hey, Rachel.

MARTIN: The CDC has had this power - right? - before, the power to quarantine people for a long time.

STEIN: Yeah. Well, you know, Rachel, technically² the CDC has had the power to quarantine people for decades, but the reality is that their powers have been pretty limited. Basically, they could only stop people from entering the country or crossing state lines and only for a very specific list of about a dozen diseases. And for the most part, the CDC didn't exercise the authorities it even had and generally would defer³ to state and local officials to take control in that kind of a situation.

MARTIN: OK. So is that not the case anymore? What has changed?

STEIN: Yeah, so what's changed is that the CDC has basically updated its quarantine regulations for the first time since, like, the 1940s and basically has changed the authorities in a lot of very significant ways. Now, the CDC, I should say, did not make anybody available to talk to me about this and is kind of downplaying it on their website. But I talked to a number of health law experts and bioethicists and doctors, and they said these changes are really significant and give the CDC broad new powers that it never had before.

For example, the CDC is no longer limited to just quarantining people when they come into the country or cross state lines. The CDC could under these rules swoop⁴ in anytime, anywhere in the United States and, you know, pull people off of trains or buses or subways if they feel the need to do that to stop an outbreak.

MARTIN: All right. So what does that mean in practice? What are the criteria⁵ the CDC uses to quarantine someone?

STEIN: Right. So under these new rules, they wouldn't necessarily be limited to a very specific list of diseases. They could detain someone just because they have symptoms that suggest they might be carrying a dangerous disease, symptoms that are pretty common, like a high fever, cramps⁶ or a headache.

MARTIN: Why? I mean, what's the rationale for these new broad powers?

STEIN: So most people I talked to said, look, the CDC needed to clarify how things would work if they needed to to stop an outbreak. And if you remember, during the Ebola outbreak, there was a lot of kind of chaos⁷ and confusion about exactly how someone could be and when they could be quarantined. And one big improvement people are saying about this is it does lay out specifically how people's civil rights could be protected if they were quarantined.

MARTIN: All right, but there are probably groups out there who are worried about civil rights and privacy protections in this.

STEIN: Right, and the concern is that the protections are in there, and that's good, but they don't go far enough. For example, one big concern is that the rules say somebody could be held for 72 hours before their case could get some kind of review. But the rules give the CDC itself several layers of review to determine whether they can continue to hold somebody. And people are saying, you know, that should be - some outside objective entity⁸ should be able to step in to make sure somebody isn't being held without good reason.

MARTIN: And is there any significance to this happening under the Trump⁹ administration?

STEIN: Well, obviously it does raise some additional concerns, especially from some of the things we've seen happen over the past week about the way the administration has dealt with immigrants and refugees, for example. And you also - you might remember during the Ebola outbreak, Trump put out a bunch of tweets saying that doctors and nurses who got sick in Africa shouldn't be allowed to come back into the country to get medical care. And Trump has described himself as kind of a germophobe. So there is a concern that if there ever was an outbreak, there might be an overreaction, and these new powers could be abused.

MARTIN: All right. So what happens next? When do they go into effect?

STEIN: They're being reviewed now as part of the Trump administration's broad review of new regulations, so the soonest they could go into effect would be the end of March.

MARTIN: Rob Stein, NPR health correspondent. Thanks, Rob.

STEIN: Oh, sure, nice to be here.

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

3 defer   

vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从

参考例句：

• We wish to defer our decision until next week.我们希望推迟到下星期再作出决定。
• We will defer to whatever the committee decides.我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。

4 swoop   

n.俯冲，攫取；v.抓取，突然袭击

参考例句：

• The plane made a swoop over the city.那架飞机突然向这座城市猛降下来。
• We decided to swoop down upon the enemy there.我们决定突袭驻在那里的敌人。

5 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

6 cramps   

n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚

参考例句：

• If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋，就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
• "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋，"他说。

7 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

8 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。