纽约时报 贫困国家陷入新旧疫情的两面夹击(1)

New Virus Hastens Spread Of Old Preventable Illness

新病毒加速了传统可预防疾病的传播

By Jan Hoffman and Ruth Maclean

文/简·霍夫曼，露丝·麦克林

As poor countries around the world struggle to beat back the coronavirus,

世界各地的贫困国家现下都在忙着努力抗击新冠病毒，

they are unintentionally contributing to fresh explosions of illness and death from other diseases—

不想却助长了其他疾病——那些用疫苗就能有效预防的疾病——

ones that are readily prevented by vaccines².

引发的新增爆发和死亡。

This spring, after the World Health Organization and UNICEF warned that the pandemic could spread swiftly when children gathered for shots,

今年春天，由于世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会警告称，儿童聚集在一起接种疫苗会给新冠病毒带来迅速蔓延的可乘之机，

many countries suspended their inoculation³ programs.

许多国家便暂停了他们的疫苗接种计划。

Even in countries that tried to keep them going,

即便有些国家想继续开展疫苗接种工作也是无能为力，

cargo⁴ flights with vaccine¹ supplies were halted by the pandemic and health workers diverted to fight it.

因为运输疫苗的货机航班已因疫情被叫停，医务工作者也已改道抗疫。

Now, diphtheria is appearing in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal.

如今，巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和尼泊尔已经陆续爆发白喉症。

Cholera⁵ is in South Sudan, Cameroon, Mozambique, Yemen and Bangladesh.

南苏丹、喀麦隆、莫桑比克、也门和孟加拉国又发生了霍乱。

A mutated strain of poliovirus has been reported in more than 30 countries.

还有30多个国家都出现了一种脊髓灰质炎病毒变异株。

And measles⁶ is flaring⁷ around the globe, including in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia,

麻疹也在全球大肆蔓延，孟加拉国，巴西，柬埔寨，

Central African Republic, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Nigeria and Uzbekistan.

中非共和国、伊拉克、哈萨克斯坦、尼泊尔、尼日利亚和乌兹别克斯坦等国均已沦陷。

Of 29 countries that have currently suspended measles campaigns because of the pandemic, 18 are reporting outbreaks.

全球有29个国家因疫情暂停了麻疹接种活动，目前已有18个国家报告出现了麻疹疫情。

An additional 13 countries are considering postponement⁸.

另有13个国家正在考虑推迟麻疹接种活动。

According to the Measles and Rubella Initiative,

麻疹和风疹倡议的数据显示，

178 million people are at risk of missing measles shots in 2020.

今年有1.78亿人面临错过接种麻疹疫苗的机会的风险。

The risk now is "an epidemic⁹ in a few months' time that will kill more children than Covid,"

若真的错过了，“那过不了几个月就会爆发麻疹疫情，到时候死亡的儿童人数将比新冠肺炎的死亡人数还要高，”

said Chibuzo Okonta, the president of Doctors Without Borders in West and Central Africa.

非洲中西部无国界医生组织主席奇布佐·奥孔塔说。

As the pandemic lingers, the W.H.O. and other international public health groups

疫情迟迟不结束，世卫组织及其他国际公共卫生组织

are now urging countries to carefully resume vaccination¹⁰ while contending with the coronavirus.

已经开始敦促各国一边抗击新冠病毒一边谨慎恢复疫苗接种工作。

At stake is the future of a hard-fought, 20-year collaboration¹¹

一群公共卫生学者组成的疫苗影响建模联盟于2019年展开的一项研究显示，

that has prevented 35 million deaths in 98 countries from vaccine-preventable diseases,

经过20年的艰难合作，我们好不容易才让98个国家的3500万人免于被疫苗就能有效预防的疾病缠身，

and reduced mortality from them in children by 44 percent,

将全球的儿童死亡率也降低了44%，

according to a 2019 study by the Vaccine Impact Modeling Consortium, a group of public health scholars.

此时选择两手抓，之前的努力就有付诸东流的风险。

"Immunization is one of the most powerful and fundamental disease prevention tools in the history of public health,"

“疫苗接种是公共卫生史上最有力也最基本的疾病预防手段之一。”

said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director general of the W.H.O., in a statement.

世卫组织总干事泰德罗斯·阿达诺姆·盖布赖斯博士在一份声明中说道。

"Disruption to immunization programs from the Covid-19 pandemic

“新冠疫情对疫苗接种计划的干扰

threatens to unwind decades of progress against vaccine-preventable diseases like measles."

可能会让数十年来我们在麻疹等疫苗可预防疾病防治方面取得的各种进展一夜回到解放前。”

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 inoculation   

n.接芽；预防接种

参考例句：

• Travellers are reminded that inoculation against yellow fever is advisable. 提醒旅游者接种预防黄热病的疫苗是明智的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Travelers are reminded that inoculation against yellow fever is advisable. 旅客们被提醒，注射黄热病预防针是明智的。 来自辞典例句

4 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

5 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

6 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

7 flaring   

a.火焰摇曳的，过份艳丽的

参考例句：

• A vulgar flaring paper adorned the walls. 墙壁上装饰着廉价的花纸。
• Goebbels was flaring up at me. 戈塔尔当时已对我面呈愠色。

8 postponement   

n.推迟

参考例句：

• He compounded with his creditors for a postponement of payment. 他与债权人达成协议延期付款。
• Rain caused the postponement of several race-meetings. 几次赛马大会因雨延期。

9 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

10 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

11 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。