PBS高端访谈:《徒手攀岩》纪录片获诺贝尔奖

JUDY WOODRUFF: The film Free Solo, about a rock climber who scales Yosemite Park's most dangerous rock formation without ropes, won best documentary at the Academy Awards this year. The makers¹ of that film are the focus of this week's That Moment When. It's NewsHour's show on Facebook Watch.

JIMMY CHIN, Filmmaker: In journalism² and photography as well, you hope to kind of disappear. You're really trying to capture the moments as they happen and trying not to influence the moment.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI, Filmmaker: It gets to, like, the existential ethical³ question at the heart of the film, which is, in the act of filming, by filming him, are we in some way going to cause him to fall? Is he more likely to fall if we're filming?

JIMMY CHIN: I got the sense that Alex wanted to be filmed, but he didn't want to feel filmed.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: I think he thought the concept of actually free-soloing El Cap was film-worthy, and that idea of, like, someone doing justice to this incredible athletic⁴ feat⁵, actually capturing it in a way that could live on for posterity⁶...

JIMMY CHIN: Right.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: ... was something that was very appealing to him. The actual experience, what and what that was going to entail⁷, I think, was more of discovery process for him.

JIMMY CHIN: Being a professional climber and having worked on both sides of the lens, I'm quite sensitive to what it feels like when a camera's introduced to a situation. And that sensitivity to it, you know, we hoped to apply in how we filmed with him, to make it as easy and nonintrusive as possible.

MAN: They're remote cameras, because we want to stay out of Alex's line of sight.

QUESTION: What risk does the crew take on?

JIMMY CHIN: We really tried to mitigate⁸ the risk on the very front end by the team that we built. You know, the first criteria⁹ to be on the high angle team was that you had to be an elite¹⁰ professional climber. The second criteria is they had to be, you know, amazing cinematographers as well. So, there's not a very big pool to pull from. I needed people who could climb El Cap casually¹¹ in a day, and there aren't that many people who can do that. As Alex was practicing his climb, we were practicing how we were going to shoot it.

QUESTION: You have said, there wasn't a day in the two years of filming that you didn't think about him falling. Can you describe what it feels like to walk around with that?

JIMMY CHIN: I would wake up, I could feel the burden, and then I would remember. I would be like, what am I feeling? And then I would think about what it was that I was weighing on me. And my mind would go to the worst-case scenario¹².

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: I think everybody on the team carried a certain weight. But that was kind of the point. Like, there was also a commitment that came with that weight. We trusted Alex and believed in what he was doing.

JUDY WOODRUFF: It literally¹³ takes your breath away. Well, you can find all episodes of That Moment When on Facebook Watch. And you can join us there on Wednesday at 4:30 Eastern for a special watch party, live with host Steve Goldbloom, as he looks back and he takes your questions about some of his favorite moments from the show thus far. Also online, we take a closer look at how House Democrats¹⁴ are flexing¹⁵ their new investigative power. You can find that on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：影片《徒手攀岩》讲的是一名攀岩者攀登了美国塞米蒂国家公园最危险的岩壁，而且没有借助绳子的帮助。这部影片获得了今年奥斯卡的最佳纪录片奖。这部影片的几位制作人成为本周《记忆时刻》的焦点。《记忆时刻》是Facebook Watch上《新闻一小时》的一档节目。

金国威，制作人：无论是新闻业还是摄影业，你都希望低调。你努力地尝试捕捉一些时刻，保留这些时刻的自然。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉，影视制作人：这部影片让人想到现存的道德问题，这是这部影片的核心，即在拍摄他的时候，我们是否从某种程度上干扰了他的攀岩？我们的拍摄是否加大了他掉落的可能性？

金国威：我以为亚历克斯希望有人拍他，但他其实并不想。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：我想他那时候认为徒手攀登酋長岩的想法本身就值得拍摄成电影，而有个人来充分体现此举价值的举动是好的，可以留给子孙后代作为财富。

金国威：没错。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：这件事对他而言很有吸引力。实际经历，过程中的收获，对于他来说是个发现的过程。

金国威：作为职业攀岩者以及曾做过演员和导演的我对镜头在某种情境下的感受极为敏感。我们想将这种敏感度加入拍摄手法中，让它尽可能简单又不形成干扰。

男：摄像头都在远处，因为我们不想干扰亚历克斯的视线。

问：拍摄人员要面临什么风险吗？

金国威：我们竭尽全力减小一线拍摄人员的风险。我们对高角摄影组的第一标准就是必须是优秀的专业攀岩者。第二标准是他们还必须是优秀的摄影师。所以，可选择的人并不多。我需要能在一天的时间里攀登酋長岩的人，但没有多少人能做到这一点。亚历克斯在攀岩的时候，我们也在寻找拍摄的最佳方式。

问：您也提到了，您在为期2年的拍摄里，每天都有想到他坠落的事儿。您能描述一下，带着这种想法工作的心情吗？

金国威：每天早上起来，我就倍感压力，我会一直记得这件事。我的感受是什么呢？我会思考这种压力感。我会做最坏的预想。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：我认为组里的每个人都有一定的压力。但这就对了，因为使命总会伴随着负重感。我们相信亚历克斯，也相信他所做的事情。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：真是惊心动魄呀。其他期节目，大家可以在Facebook Watch的《记忆时刻》上看到。周四东部时间4:30有一场特殊的聚会，到时会现场直播，主持人是史蒂夫。他会带我们回顾过去，同时解答自己在本节目中最喜欢的一些时刻。现在直播的还有众议院民主党议员大展调查功力的场景，我们可以详细了解一下。也可以在PBS.org/NewsHour上看到录播。

1 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

3 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

4 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。

5 feat   

n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的

参考例句：

• Man's first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.人类首次登月是一个勇敢的壮举。
• He received a medal for his heroic feat.他因其英雄业绩而获得一枚勋章。

6 posterity   

n.后裔，子孙，后代

参考例句：

• Few of his works will go down to posterity.他的作品没有几件会流传到后世。
• The names of those who died are recorded for posterity on a tablet at the back of the church.死者姓名都刻在教堂后面的一块石匾上以便后人铭记。

7 entail   

vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.这样的决定势必带来巨大的政治风险。
• This job would entail your learning how to use a computer.这工作将需要你学会怎样用计算机。

8 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

9 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

10 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

11 casually   

adv.漠不关心地，无动于衷地，不负责任地

参考例句：

• She remarked casually that she was changing her job.她当时漫不经心地说要换工作。
• I casually mentioned that I might be interested in working abroad.我不经意地提到我可能会对出国工作感兴趣。

12 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

13 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

14 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 flexing   

n.挠曲，可挠性v.屈曲( flex的现在分词 )；弯曲；（为准备大干而）显示实力；摩拳擦掌

参考例句：

• Flexing particular muscles allows snakes to move in several ways. 可弯曲的特殊的肌肉使蛇可以用几种方式移动。 来自电影对白
• China has become an economic superpower and is flexing its muscles. 中国已经成为了一个经济巨人而且在展示他的肌肉。 来自互联网