科学美国人60秒 SSS 海洋生物如何与海上风能共存(1)

Offshore¹ wind in the US is poised² for a boom.

美国海上风电正蓬勃发展。

States from Rhode Island on down to Virginia all have plans to ramp³ up offshore wind over the next decade, and the Biden administration has pledged to add 30 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2030.

从罗德岛到弗吉尼亚州，各州都计划在未来十年增加海上风力发电，拜登政府承诺到2030年增加30千兆瓦的海上风力发电。

It's all part of an energy overhaul⁴ that aims to swap⁵ fossil fuels for renewables, reining⁶ in climate change and protecting our planet.

这一切都是能源改革的一部分，旨在将化石燃料转换为可再生能源，控制气候变化，保护我们的地球。

Curbing⁷ climate change is one of the best things we can do to protect marine⁸ species, but harnessing the wind to blow back emissions⁹ is not without its own impacts.

遏制气候变化是我们保护海洋生物所能做的最好的事情之一，但利用风能减少排放也不是没有影响。

Of special concern are these denizens¹⁰ of the sea.

特别值得关注的是这些海洋生物。

That's a North Atlantic right whale recorded off the Coast of Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts.

这是在马萨诸塞州玛莎葡萄园岛海岸记录的北大西洋露脊鲸。

North Atlantic right whales migrate in feed along the US East Coast, which is also ground zero for the US's growing offshore wind industry.

北大西洋露脊鲸沿着美国东海岸迁徙进食，那里也是美国不断发展的海上风能产业的起点。

Scientific American Custom Media spoke¹¹ with oceanographer Joe Brodie.

科学美国定制媒体采访了海洋学家乔·布罗迪。

He's part of a team trying to figure out how to avoid conflicts between wind turbines and whales.

他是一个团队的成员，该团队试图找出如何避免风力涡轮机和鲸鱼之间的冲突。

After a few years as a flight attendant, he left the friendly skies for the sea.

当了几年空中乘务员后，他离开了友好的天空去出海。

Now, he's the Offshore Wind Research Lead at the Rutgers Center for Ocean Observing Leadership.

现在，他是罗格斯海洋观测领导中心的海上风能研究负责人。

Joe, the North Atlantic right whale is one of the world's most endangered species.

乔，北大西洋露脊鲸是世界上最濒危的物种之一。

Only about 400 of them are left.

它们中只剩下大约400只。

Can offshore wind development along the East Coast coexist with right whales?

东海岸的海上风能开发能与露脊鲸共存吗？

And if so, how?

如果能的话，又是如何做到的呢？

I think the answer is definitely, the two can coexist.

我认为答案是肯定的，两者可以并存。

It just has to be done intelligently and with as much information as possible.

它只需要智能地操作，并尽可能多地利用信息。

The idea is...I guess a good way to put it in a term that we used to use at the airline was situational awareness¹², knowing what's out there, when it's out there, where they are, and what they're doing is going to make all the difference.

我们的想法是...我想，用我们过去在航空公司使用的一个术语来说，一个很好的方式就是了解情况，知道外面有什么，它什么时候在那里，它们在哪里，它们正在做的事情将会产生的所有变化。

So you're part of a project funded by the offshore wind company Orsted and their ocean wind project partners in New Jersey¹³ that uses acoustic¹⁴ monitoring to track and study whales.

所以你是一个项目的一部分，该项目由海上风能公司赫斯特德和他们在新泽西州的海洋风能项目合作伙伴资助，该项目使用声学监测来跟踪和研究鲸鱼。

It's called the ecosystem¹⁵ and passive acoustic monitoring project.

它被称为生态系统和被动声监测项目。

1 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

2 poised   

a.摆好姿势不动的

参考例句：

• The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop. 老鹰在半空中盘旋，准备俯冲。
• Tina was tense, her hand poised over the telephone. 蒂娜心情紧张，手悬在电话机上。

3 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。

4 overhaul   

v./n.大修，仔细检查

参考例句：

• Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
• It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

5 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

6 reining   

勒缰绳使（马）停步( rein的现在分词 )； 驾驭； 严格控制； 加强管理

参考例句：

• "That's a fine bevy, Ma'm,'said Gerald gallantly, reining his horse alongside the carriage. "太太！好一窝漂亮的云雀呀！" 杰拉尔德殷勤地说，一面让自己的马告近塔尔顿的马车。
• I was a temperamental genius in need of reining in by stabler personalities. 我是个需要由更稳重的人降服住的神经质的天才。

7 curbing   

n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Progress has been made in curbing inflation. 在控制通货膨胀方面已取得了进展。
• A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。

8 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

9 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

10 denizens   

n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• polar bears, denizens of the frozen north 北极熊，在冰天雪地的北方生活的动物
• At length these denizens of the swamps disappeared in their turn. 到了后来，连这些沼泽国的居民们也不见了。 来自辞典例句

11 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

12 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

13 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

14 acoustic   

adj.听觉的，声音的；(乐器)原声的

参考例句：

• The hall has a fine acoustic.这个大厅的传音效果很好。
• Animals use a whole rang of acoustic, visual,and chemical signals in their systems of communication.动物利用各种各样的听觉、视觉和化学信号来进行交流。

15 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。